Porous Titanium Coatings Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) of Pickering Emulsions and Microwave Sintering

Neirinck, Bram; Mattheys, Tina; Braem, Annabel; Fransaer, Jan; Biest, Omer Van der; Zhang, Fei

doi:10.1002/adem.200700273

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two well known examples are the polyelectrolytes poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) [13,16] and polyethyleneimine (PEI) [13,15], which contain the ionic groups ammonium and imine, respectively.…”

Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(5) It is clear that coarse non-noble metallic particles have the advantage of lower volume ratios of surface oxide layers. The disadvantage of such particles is that they are noncolloidal and so have relatively low surface charge [15]. Hence, suspension in liquids is difficult owing to the reduced electrostatic attraction and the consequent deleterious effect of gravity.…”

Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the applications and studies of EPD have used ceramic particles but there are a few publications on the EPD of particulate non-noble metals [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. It is clear that one of the reasons for the lack of availability of such colloidal metal particles is the tendency for most of the metallic particles to oxidise, thereby forming a passivating oxide layer of a high volume ratio relative to the remaining metal core, which makes it an unattractive method to achieve a uniform metallic coating.…”

Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Lau

Sorrell

2011

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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Coarse (≤20 μm) titanium particles were deposited on low-carbon steel substrates by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD) with ethanol as suspension medium and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) as polymeric charging agent.Preliminary data on the electrophoretic mobilities and electrical conductivities on the suspensions of these soft particles as well as the solutions themselves as a function of PDADMAC level were used as the basis for the investigation of the EPD parameters in terms of the deposition yield as a function of five experimental parameters: (a) PDADMAC addition level, (b) solids loading, (c) deposition time, (d) applied voltage, and (e) electrode separation. These data were supported by particle sizing by laser diffraction and deposit surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The preceding data demonstrated that Ti particles of ~1-12 μm size, electrosterically modified by the PDADMAC charging agent, acted effectively as colloidal particles during EPD.Owing to the non-colloidal nature of the particles and the stabilization of the Ti particles by electrosteric forces, the relevance of the zeta potential is questionable, so the more fundamental parameter of electrophoretic mobility was used. A key finding from the present work is the importance of assessing the electrophoretic mobilities of both the suspensions and solutions since the latter, which normally is overlooked, plays a critical role in the ability to interpret the results meaningfully. Further, algebraic uncoupling of these data plus determination of the deposit yield as a function of charging agent addition allow discrimination between the three main mechanistic stages of the electrokinetics of the process, which are: (1) surface saturation; (2) compression of the Lau, K.T. et al. (2011) Mater. Sci. Eng. B, No. 176: 369-381, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016No. 176: 369-381, http://dx.doi.org/10. /j.mseb.2010 (3) diffuse layer, growth of polymer-rich layer, and/or competition between the mobility of Ti and PDADMAC; and (3) little or no decrease in electrophoretic mobility of Ti, establishment of polymer-rich layer, and/or dominance of the mobility of the PDADMAC over that of Ti.

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Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section:  Low Cost Of Infrastructure and Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Lau

Sorrell

2011

Materials Science and Engineering: B

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“…Next, a melt-derived bioactive glassceramic coating (50.1 wt.% SiO2, 25.2 CaO, 20.1 Na2O and 4.6 P2O5, thickness ~ 10 μm) was applied on the anodized cp Ti substrate by dipping in a bioactive glass powder suspension followed by 30 min sintering at 800 °C in vacuum (specimens marked as "MBAG"). Porous pure Ti coatings were manufactured using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of a TiH2 powder suspension or a combination of a suspension and emulsion followed by dehydrogenation (500-550 °C) and vacuum sintering (850 °C), as described in [17], [18] and [19]. Distinct TiH2 powder grades of different particle sizes, all supplied by Chemetall GmbH (Germany), have been used: grade type P (average particle size 8.0 ± 2.0 μm, maximal 60 μm), U (5.0 ± 1.0 μm, maximal 45 μm) and VM (1.8 ± 0.2 μm, maximal 45 μm).…”

Section: Implantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium implants with modified surfaces: Meta-analysis of in vivo osteointegration

Gasik

Braem

Chaudhari

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Highlights •Various titanium specimens were studied in vivo on osteointegration vs their properties.• Non-porous implants had a better performance when coated with bioactive glass.• Porous implants have shown the best results for hydrothermally treated specimens.• Good correlation was found with the previous in vitro tests.• New analysis of the in vivo data has shown benefits to assess biomaterials performance. AbstractTitanium-based implants are widely used in modern clinical practice, but their "optimal" properties in terms of porosity and topology, roughness and hydrophilic parameters are being a subject of intensive discussions. Recent in vitro results have shown a possibility to optimize the surface of an implant with maximal repelling of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis) and improvement in human osteogenic and endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In this work, these different grades titanium implants were tested in vivo using the same analytical methodology. In addition to material parameters, key histomorphometrical parameters such a regeneration area, bone adaptation area and bone-to-implant contact were determined after 2 and 4 weeks of implantation in rabbit animal model. Porous implants have more clear differences than non-porous ones, with the best optimum values obtained on hydrothermally treated electrophoretically deposited titanium. These in vivo data correlate well with the optimal prediction made by in vitro tests.

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“…Neirinck et al [15] studied the formation of stable emulsions to create porous titanium by electrophoretic deposition in Ti alloys (Ti6Al4V) as substrate material. To stabilise the emulsions of Ti, dispersants are used to provide on the Ti surfaces with sufficient positive charge at low pH to ensure the electrophoresis process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of stabilisers in the design of Ti aqueous suspensions for pressure slip casting

et al. 2014

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Colloidal processing has long been used in ceramics to achieve green bodies with high densities, complex shapes and homogeneous microstructures, but they are rarely used to shape metal powders because of their high density and high surface reactivity. However, the possibility of processing fine particles makes these techniques interesting for metals, such as titanium, with a low density and high melting point. This work presents encouraging results in the design of aqueous suspensions of Ti particles to be shaped into bulk pieces by pressure slip casting (PSC), which opens new paths for the processing of fine and complex microstructures. Ti powders, measuring 10 µm in size, and mixtures of Ti and Al2O3 powders (added up to 5 wt.%) were dispersed in water by the addition of different stabilisers. The influence of the stabilisers in the slurry behaviour (in terms of nature, stereochemistry and active functional groups) was determined, as well as the incorporation of ceramic particles. A polyacrylic-based dispersant was selected as the best stabiliser to incorporate a second component (Al2O3) into the Ti suspension, whereas shear-thinning additives, such as TIRON, are preferred for PSC shaping. Suspensions with 1 wt.% Al2O3 were selected for processing composites by PSC and sintering. Sintered materials were characterised by measuring the density, oxygen content, hardness and *Abstract microstructure analysis by SEM. Ti bulk pieces with 97 % density and fine and homogeneous microstructure, of which the relationship between the oxygen content and hardness agrees with that measured for CPTi grade 4 (249±24 HV30), can be processed by PSC. KeywordsPowder processing, Rheology, Composites, Titanium, Colloidal Processing AbstractColloidal processing has long been used in ceramics to achieve green bodies with high densities, complex shapes and homogeneous microstructures, but they are rarely used to shape metal powders because of their high density and high surface reactivity. However, the possibility of processing fine particles makes these techniques interesting for metals, such as titanium, with a low density and high melting point. This work presents encouraging results in the design of aqueous suspensions of Ti particles to be shaped into bulk pieces by pressure slip casting (PSC), which opens new paths for the processing of fine and complex microstructures. Ti powders, measuring 10 µm in size, and mixtures of Ti and Al2O3 powders (added up to 5 wt.%) were dispersed in water by the addition of different stabilisers. The influence of the stabilisers in the slurry behaviour (in terms of nature, stereochemistry and active functional groups) was determined, as well as the incorporation of ceramic particles. A polyacrylic-based dispersant was selected as the best stabiliser to incorporate a second component (Al2O3) into the Ti suspension, whereas shear-thinning additives, such as TIRON, are preferred for PSC shaping. Suspensions with 1 wt.% Al2O3 were selected for processing composites by PSC and sintering. Sinter...

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Porous Titanium Coatings Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) of Pickering Emulsions and Microwave Sintering

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Electrophoretic mobilities of dissolved polyelectrolyte charging agent and suspended non-colloidal titanium during electrophoretic deposition

Titanium implants with modified surfaces: Meta-analysis of in vivo osteointegration

Role of stabilisers in the design of Ti aqueous suspensions for pressure slip casting

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