Population studies on Southwestern Indian Tribes. IV. The Zuni

Abstract

The Zuni Indians of west‐central New Mexico have been relatively isolated since their foundation by an amalgamation of individuals from different southwestern cultural areas during the Regressive Pueblo period (c.1200–1350 A.D.). Genetic analysis revealed a high frequency of blood type B in both young (0.06) and old (0.05) Zuni, but at 14 other blood group and serum protein loci, allelic frequencies including A (0.011) and Rh negative (0.001) were generally similar to those of other relatively unmixed southwestern Indian tribes. Consideration of Zuni history and demography since Spanish contact in 1540, together with genetic analyses, suggest that the high B frequency probably derives from intermixture with a small number of B, Rh positive non‐Indians in the early post contact period. Genetic differentiation among four southwestern tribes, Zuni, Pima, Papago and Maricopa, was summarized by kinship analysis. Approximately 70% of the inter‐tribal genetic variation could be explained by the geographic distances among these groups showing that isolation by distance has been the most important factor in determining the pattern of regional genetic differentiation.

Host-associated genetic structure of Mexican populations of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Homoptera: Aphididae)

“…Allelic frequencies were used to estimate the mean number of alleles per locus (A), the average proportion of polymorphic loci using the 99% criterion (P), and expected mean heterozygosity (H e ) (Hartl and Clark, 1997). Heterogeneity of allelic frequencies among populations was evaluated by testing w 2 (Workman and Niswander, 1970). Unbiased estimates of Nei's (1978) genetic distance (D) were obtained using the program TFPGA (Miller, 1997).…”

Sistema de reprodução em Caesalpinia echinata Lam. implantada em arboreto experimental

“…A avaliação de cruzamentos aleatórios foi realizada pelo teste de homogeneidade entre as freqüências alélicas dos óvulos e do pólen e, entre as freqüências alélicas do pólen que fecundou cada árvore matriz, calculando-se o estimador ST F (Nei 1977). A significância estatística de ST F foi obtida para cada loco pelo teste de qui-quadrado, 2 = 2n F ST (k -1), com (k -1) (s -1) graus de liberdade, proposto por Workman & Niswander (1970), em que: n = número de indivíduos nos grupos, k = número de alelos e s = número de grupos. Os índices de fixação para as árvores adultas ( F ) e progênies ( p F ) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95% de probabilidade foram obtidos por 10.000 reamostragens "bootstraps".…”

Experimental studies on some genetic effects of marine pollution

“…The general trend observed in 1978 seems to be confirmed: in 1979 samples there is also a higher frequency of the more common allele at six out of the seven loci. However, the frequency variations tend to be less than those of the previous * Alleles are numbered 1, 2, 3 ... on the basis of their relative anodic mobility * * The P values were computed according to a weighted homogeneity Z 2 test for allele frequencies (Workman & Niswander, 1970) year. For only two loci (6-PGD and PGI) are they significant at the 0.05 level; both the contingency chi-square test and the weighted homogeneity test of Workman & Niswander (1970) were used.…”

“…However, the frequency variations tend to be less than those of the previous * Alleles are numbered 1, 2, 3 ... on the basis of their relative anodic mobility * * The P values were computed according to a weighted homogeneity Z 2 test for allele frequencies (Workman & Niswander, 1970) year. For only two loci (6-PGD and PGI) are they significant at the 0.05 level; both the contingency chi-square test and the weighted homogeneity test of Workman & Niswander (1970) were used. Moreover, the variations are significant for two of the three loci which did not show important frequency changes in the previous year.…”