Population demographics of translocated northern bobwhites on fragmented habitat

Scott, Jason; Hernández, Fidel; Brennan, Leonard A.; Ballard, Bart M.; Janis, Michael W.; Forrester, N. David

doi:10.1002/wsb.239

Cited by 15 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…We also calculated potential and realized estimates of percentage of nesting females and nesting rate (no. nests/F; Hernández et al , Scott et al ). We calculated potential estimates using only translocated radio‐marked females that survived the entire nesting season (1 May−31 Aug) and therefore the estimates captured the entire nesting history of females.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The translocation of wild bobwhites has received limited research attention, and the few studies that have been conducted have yielded contrasting results (Liu et al , Terhune et al , Scott et al ). For example, Scott et al () reported lower survival and productivity of translocated bobwhites in central Texas compared to resident bobwhites. Conversely, other studies have reported similar survival and productivity between translocated and resident bobwhites (Liu et al ; Terhune et al , ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, other studies have reported similar survival and productivity between translocated and resident bobwhites (Liu et al ; Terhune et al , ). In addition, Terhune et al () documented a population response 1 year after bobwhites were translocated in Georgia, whereas Scott et al () documented no population response to bobwhite translocation up to 2.5 years post‐translocation. A collective review of these studies suggests that the likelihood of translocation success for bobwhites depends on a variety of factors such as distance translocated, holding time (i.e., length of time bobwhites were held after being trapped and prior to release), and habitat‐connectivity surrounding release sites (Scott et al ).…”

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An evaluation of northern bobwhite translocation to restore populations

et al. 2017

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Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have been declining in Texas during the last 2 decades. This decline also is occurring in areas with apparently ample habitat such as the Rolling Plains of Texas, USA. The goal of our study was to examine the efficacy of translocating wild-trapped bobwhites into recently depopulated areas in the eastern Rolling Plains as a method of restoring population size. Our objectives were to document survival (spring-summer and annual), reproductive efforts, and site fidelity of translocated bobwhites and compare relative abundance of bobwhites between release and control sites to evaluate the efficacy of translocation. We translocated 409 wild bobwhites (n ¼ 186 radio-marked F) to 2 sites in Shackelford and Stephens counties, Texas, during March 2013 and 2014. Spring-summer (Mar-Sep) survival ranged between 0.32 and 0.38 (n ¼ 186 bobwhites), and annual survival ranged between 0.19 and 0.23 (n ¼ 186 bobwhites) during 2013-2015. Seventy-four percent of translocated females that entered the nesting season (i.e., May 1; n ¼ 112 bobwhites) produced a nest, resulting in 125 nests with an apparent nest success of 46.1% and a nesting rate of 1.1 AE 0.1 (SE) nests/female. Site fidelity post-translocation was moderate to high; 67.7% (n ¼ 44 bobwhites) and 85.1% (n ¼ 40 bobwhites) of translocated bobwhites did not disperse >2 km from their release point during the summers of 2013 and 2014, respectively. Despite this strong demographic performance, relative abundance of bobwhites did not differ between the release and control sites after 2 years as indexed by covey-call counts (2.7 AE 0.6 vs. 3.0 AE 1.2 coveys/point, respectively; P ¼ 0.71) and helicopter surveys (0.9 AE 0.2 vs. 0.7 AE 0.2 bobwhites/km, respectively; P ¼ 0.64). Thus, translocation of bobwhites failed to increase the bobwhite population beyond that of the control during this study. Future translocation research should aim to increase translocation success by investigating methods for increasing survival during the 1-month period following translocation (e.g., soft-release, vitamin E and selenium injections) and for improving site fidelity using conspecific attraction. Future research should incorporate genetic measures to assess genetic contribution of translocated individuals to improve evaluation of translocation success. Ó 2017 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

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An evaluation of northern bobwhite translocation to restore populations

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“…Translocation has been used to reintroduce or restock northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations with varied results (Kabat and Thompson 1963;Jones 1999;Perez et al 2002;Terhune et al 2006aTerhune et al , 2006bTerhune et al , 2010Scott et al 2013). These studies compared vital rates of translocated to resident bobwhites, focusing on survival and reproductive effort or success of translocated individuals; however, survival of the offspring of translocated individuals has not been studied (Jones 1999;Perez et al 2002;Terhune et al 2006aTerhune et al , 2006bTerhune et al , 2010Scott et al 2013). Offspring survival is an important factor influencing population growth rates (Wisdom andMills 1997, Sandercock et al 2005).…”

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Survival and growth of northern bobwhite offspring post‐translocation

et al. 2019

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Continual population declines in northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) have prompted the use of population restoration techniques in conjunction with habitat management to restore their populations. We tested the site familiarity hypothesis to determine if translocation to new environments affected offspring survival and growth rates of bobwhites. We used bobwhites from north Florida and translocated them to a study site in Brunswick County, North Carolina, USA, and monitored birds during April−October 2016 and April−October 2017. We used the corral capture method and modified‐suture technique to capture and radio‐tag chicks to evaluate offspring growth and survival rates of resident and translocated bobwhites. Offspring survival varied by year and age. We did not find any difference in offspring survival rates of resident and translocated individuals, lending no support to the site familiarity hypothesis with regards to survival. Offspring of resident bobwhites did not grow at a faster rate than offspring of translocated bobwhites, indicating a lack of support for the site familiarity hypothesis in terms of physiological development. Survival, however, is a more important metric for determining post‐translocation population dynamics, and our results indicated that translocated bobwhites can reproduce and raise offspring similar to resident counterparts, but both had low survival. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.

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“…More comprehensive recent studies involved birds translocated over shorter distances and demonstrate much greater survival rates. Terhune et al (, 2010), Liu et al (), and Jones () reported no significant difference in survival rates between translocated and resident bobwhites, whereas Scott et al () reported significantly (30–40%) lower survival rates for translocated birds compared with resident birds. Still, translocated birds, though fewer in number, have a greater survival rate than captive‐reared birds.…”

Section: Survival Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

Two centuries of human‐mediated gene flow in northern bobwhites

2017

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The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhite) population decline has prompted several studies over the past decade investigating bobwhite population genetics and overall connectivity. The zeitgeist of current quail conservation is that bobwhite populations have become increasingly fragmented, leading to their decline as a result of reduced fitness associated with effects from small population size. A few studies exploring population-level patterns of genetic connectivity at the local scale have identified some areas possessing limited gene flow likely due to recent anthropogenic landscape changes. Interestingly, however, multiple studies using genetic methods have also suggested that the species has experienced a recent range-wide expansion with few barriers to dispersal, suggesting a large panmictic population. Although the above are both supported by empirical data, we highlight another possibility that has been proposed yet rarely investigated. Millions of wild bobwhites have been transported among populations, and millions more captive-reared bobwhites have been and continue to be released across the species' range. Given the massive scale at which bobwhites have been artificially dispersed, more research is needed to investigate the effects of introgression of nonlocal birds on our ability to understand recent changes in bobwhite population fragmentation, size, and diversity. Such information has important management implications to long-term bobwhite population sustainability. By quantifying the level of human-mediated bobwhite dispersal events, our review cautions against assigning evolutionary or conservation significance to patterns of genetic connectivity among bobwhite populations until a more systematic effort is made to verify that such activities have not affected our ability to identify natural gene-flow patterns at both local and broadscale distributions. Ó 2017 The Wildlife Society.

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Population demographics of translocated northern bobwhites on fragmented habitat

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

An evaluation of northern bobwhite translocation to restore populations

An evaluation of northern bobwhite translocation to restore populations

Survival and growth of northern bobwhite offspring post‐translocation

Two centuries of human‐mediated gene flow in northern bobwhites

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