Population-Based Incidence of Potentially Life-Threatening Complications of Hypocalcemia and the Role of Vitamin D Deficiency

Aul, A. J.; Fischer, Philip R.; O'Grady, Jason S; Mara, Kristin C.; Maxson, Julie; Meek, Alicia M.; Petterson, Tanya M.; Thacher, Tom D.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.02.018

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hypocalcaemic seizure is a presenting feature for vitamin D deficiency rickets among infants and toddlers in 11.8% to 40.3% . A U.S. population study reported seven cases of seizures as a hypocalcaemic complication at age before of nine months, two of those had rickets present on radiograph . The few cases in our study diagnosis with seizures, 1.8% at the same time as rickets, may be explained by that our study design, although only infants, included a variety of cases and maybe not all having overt rickets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Population‐based register study of children born in Sweden from 1997 to 2014 showed an increase in rickets during infancy

2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Population‐based register study of children born in Sweden from 1997 to 2014 showed an increase in rickets during infancy

2019

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“…Cod liver oil and sun exposure were proposed as treatments for nutritional rickets as early as the beginning of the 19th century [6]. Unfortunately, 200 years later, nutritional rickets remains a clinical problem and is almost certainly under-reported [7,8]. Moreover, rickets diagnosed in the clinic represents the tip of the iceberg both in terms of the extent of pediatric vitamin D deficiency and because it is often associated with an increased prevalence of diseases unrelated to disrupted calcium homeostasis [5].…”

Section: Overview Of the Molecular Basis For The Non-classical Actions Of Vitamin D In The Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Immunity in Infants and Children

2020

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The last couple of decades have seen an explosion in our interest and understanding of the role of vitamin D in the regulation of immunity. At the molecular level, the hormonal form of vitamin D signals through the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), a ligand-regulated transcription factor. The VDR and vitamin D metabolic enzymes are expressed throughout the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The advent of genome-wide approaches to gene expression profiling have led to the identification of numerous VDR-regulated genes implicated in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The molecular data infer that vitamin D signaling should boost innate immunity against pathogens of bacterial or viral origin. Vitamin D signaling also suppresses inflammatory immune responses that underlie autoimmunity and regulate allergic responses. These findings have been bolstered by clinical studies linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmunity, and allergies. Our goals here are to provide an overview of the molecular basis for immune system regulation and to survey the clinical data from pediatric populations, using randomized placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses where possible, linking vitamin D deficiency to increased rates of infections, autoimmune conditions, and allergies, and addressing the impact of supplementation on these conditions.

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“…For obesity, T2DM and hypertension these include effects on the pancreas, liver, and muscle that reduce abnormal insulin resistance, protect beta cell function and protect against arterial wall damage ( 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ). In the immune system they protect against bacterial and viral infections, excessive acquired immune responses and more generally against inflammatory tissue damage ( 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ). Other beneficial effects include inhibition of cancer development and progression ( 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ), promotion of normal foetal development (notably of the brain) and of healthy pregnancy through direct effects of maternal vitamin D status and epigenetic effects of maternal vitamin D status on the developing foetus ( 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ).…”

Section: Many Mechanistic Effects Improve Function or Reduce Damage Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do so many trials of vitamin D supplementation fail?

Boucher

2020

Endocrine Connections

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Abstract. Our knowledge of vitamin D has come a long way since the 100 years it took for doctors to accept, between 1860-1890, that both sunlight and cod liver oil [a well-known folk remedy] cured and prevented rickets.1]Vitamins D2/3 were discovered exactly a hundred years ago and over the last 50 years vitamin D has been found to have many effects on virtually all human tissues and not just on bone health, while mechanisms effecting the actions of vitamin D at the cellular level are increasingly understood, but deficiency persists globally.2 Observational studies in humans have shown that better provision of vitamin D is strongly associated, dose-wise, with reductions in current and future health risks in line with the known actions of vitamin D. Randomised controlled trials, commonly accepted as providing a ‘gold standard’ for assessing the efficacy of new forms of treatment, have frequently failed to provide supportive evidence for the expected health benefits of supplementation. Such RCTs, however, have used designs evolved for testing drugs while vitamin D is a nutrient; the appreciation of this difference is critical to identifying health benefits from existing RCT data and for improving future RCT design. This report aims, therefore, to provide a brief overview of the evidence for a range of non-bony health benefits of vitamin D repletion; to discuss specific aspects of vitamin D biology that can confound RCT design and how to allow for them

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Population-Based Incidence of Potentially Life-Threatening Complications of Hypocalcemia and the Role of Vitamin D Deficiency

Cited by 19 publications

References 34 publications

Population‐based register study of children born in Sweden from 1997 to 2014 showed an increase in rickets during infancy

Population‐based register study of children born in Sweden from 1997 to 2014 showed an increase in rickets during infancy

Vitamin D and Immunity in Infants and Children

Why do so many trials of vitamin D supplementation fail?

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