Polyurethane: An Introduction

Sharmin, Eram; Zafar, Fahmina

doi:10.5772/51663

Cited by 117 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…An electron attracting substituent (R-) attached to an isocyanate group (-NCO) increases the positive charge of the carbon atom in the isocyanate group, and thus improves reactivity of the isocyanate. In contrast, an electron-donating substituent lowers the reactivity of the isocyanate [24]. Therefore, aromatic isocyanates exhibit remarkably higher reactivity than aliphatic ones [8].…”

Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Luo

2015

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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Polyurethanes (PUs) are one of the most versatile polymers and are widely used in our daily lives for rigid and flexible foams, coatings, films, and other products. PUs are generally synthesized through reactions between isocyanates and polyols. A brief overview of the chemical structures, origin, synthetic methods, and properties of polyols and isocyanates is given in this chapter. Currently, most polyols are petroleum-based, but increasing concerns over the depletion of petroleum resources, environment, and sustainability have led to considerable efforts to develop bio-based polyols and PUs from renewable resources. Bio-based polyols and isocyanates for the production of bio-based PUs are discussed in this chapter.

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Section: Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Luo

2015

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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“…The group of Novotna and coworkers, on the other hand, developed hierarchical 3D porous calcium phosphate scaffolds with high pore interconnectivity by using in situ polyurethane foaming technique (Novotna et al, ). With this method the foam is formed by carbon dioxide bubbles generated in situ via reaction of water with isocyanate groups (Sartori, Chiono, Tonda‐Turo, Mattu, & Ciardelli, ; Sharmin & Zafar, ). The pore size can be controlled by optimizing the reactant composition, namely by modifying the water, diisocyanate, polyol, and hydroxyapatite ratio.…”

Section: Multiscale Pore Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Reviewing recently developed technologies to direct cell activity through the control of pore size: From the macro‐ to the nanoscale

2019

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Scaffold pore size plays a fundamental role in the regeneration of new tissue since it has been shown to direct cell activity in situ. It is well known that cellular response changes in relation with pores diameter. Consequently, researchers developed efficient approaches to realize scaffolds with controllable macro‐, micro‐, and nanoporous architecture. In this context, new strategies aiming at the manufacturing of scaffolds with multiscale pore networks have emerged, in the attempt to mimic the complex hierarchical structures found in living systems. In this review, we aim at providing an overview of the fabrication methods currently adopted to realize scaffolds with controlled, multisized pores highlighting their specific influence on cellular activity.

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“…PU was first manufactured in 1937 by Otto Bayer in Germany (Sharmin and Zafar, 2012). It was first studied by the German chemist, Friedrich Bayer in 1937.…”

Section: Literature Review On Pu Production: Global and Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening Nigeria's economy for industrial and environmental sustainability: Polyurethane production as a test case

Momodu

Aransiola

Okunade

et al. 2019

Natural Resources Forum

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The study focused on Nigeria's polyurethane (PU) production process as a test case. Though it is currently insignificant when viewed from a global perspective, PU production in Nigeria is not eco‐friendly. Traditionally, PU is produced by reacting petro‐based polyol with a poly‐isocyanate, which is made from amines and phosgene and are currently imported into the country. These two materials are detrimental to the human health and environment, indicating that Nigeria's PU industries need to re‐examine their production inputs for environmental compliance. The objective of this study is to review the PU industry for nontoxic reagents that could be sourced locally vis‐à‐vis overcoming sustainable development (greening the economy) challenges in Nigeria. Non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is preferred to petro‐polyurethane because, in comparison, NIPU has improved thermal and chemical resistance, porosity and water absorption, and is less toxic. Engaging local resources to produce PU is economically feasible; in addition, NIPU is relatively advantageous to human health and the environment. Aside from being economically feasible, production of NIPU in Nigeria has the propensity to greatly enlarge the growth of the existing PU industry to tremendous heights and contribute to diversifying and improving the overall economy.

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Polyurethane: An Introduction

Cited by 117 publications

References 9 publications

Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Introduction to Bio-based Polyols and Polyurethanes

Reviewing recently developed technologies to direct cell activity through the control of pore size: From the macro‐ to the nanoscale

Greening Nigeria's economy for industrial and environmental sustainability: Polyurethane production as a test case

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