Polysaccharide Thin Solid Films for Analgesic Drug Delivery and Growth of Human Skin Cells

Abstract

Chronic wounds not only lower the quality of patient's life significantly, but also present a huge financial burden for the healthcare systems around the world. Treatment of larger wounds often requires the use of more complex materials, which can ensure a successful renewal or replacement of damaged or destroyed tissues. Despite a range of advanced wound dressings that can facilitate wound healing, there are still no clinically used dressings for effective local pain management. Herein, alginate (ALG) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), two of the most commonly used materials in the field of chronic wound care, and combination of ALG-CMC were used to create a model wound dressing system in the form of multi-layered thin solid films using the spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) coating technique. The latter multi-layer system was used to incorporate and study the release kinetics of analgesic drugs such as diclofenac and lidocaine at physiological conditions. The wettability, morphology, physicochemical and surface properties of the coated films were evaluated using different surface sensitive analytical tools. The influence of in situ incorporated drug molecules on the surface properties (e.g., roughness) and on the proliferation of human skin cells (keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts) was further evaluated. The results obtained from this preliminary study should be considered as the basis for the development “real” wound dressing materials and for 3D bio-printing applications.

Polysaccharide-Based Bioink Formulation for 3D Bioprinting of an In Vitro Model of the Human Dermis

“…A general consensus exists that cells favor more hydrophilic surface to adhere and proliferate [49]. The obtained (CA(H 2 O)) values (lower <90 • ) for all samples confirm the hydrophilic character [39] of the ALG/CMC/NFC-based bioink formulation. According to the available literature, there is no exact water spreading extent on the human skin.…”

“…The sample masses (m), which change as a function of time (t) during the water adsorption phase, were monitored. The initial slope of the function m 2 = f (t) is known as the capillary velocity, which can be used for determination of the contact angle between the solid (polymer sample) and water using a modified Washburn equation [26,39]. All measurements were executed on three independent samples at three different sample regions.…”

“…To evaluate the wettability of the prepared bioink formulation, we evaluated the surface wettability through the water contact angle (CA(H 2 O)) measurements. The contact angle values directly reflect the surface wettability and are sensitive to chemical functionalities of the outermost layer [39,46]. The smaller the manifested (CA(H 2 O)), the better the wetting of the surface [47].…”

A green approach to obtain stable and hydrophilic cellulose-based electrospun nanofibrous substrates for sustained release of therapeutic molecules

“…5 and 6), showed signicant differences in the viability in comparison with control and other CMC/PEG samples. Since it is known that cells "prosper" in more stable environments (with the smallest possible material degradation during their growth/exposure), 55 the observed higher viabilities in the more cross-linked (highly stable) samples, seems logical. It is proposed that the highly cross-linked nanobrous materials with BTCA_7% and BTCA_10% are less prone to degrade in the cell growth media than those of samples cross-linked with 0 to 5 wt% BTCA (that degraded or dissolved in water within 28 h).…”

Dexamethasone-Loaded Bioactive Coatings on Medical Grade Stainless Steel Promote Osteointegration

“…Various materials have been employed for this purpose (e.g., selenium nanoparticles [ 15 ], hydroxyapatite in various forms [ 16 , 17 ], polylactic acid [ 18 ], peptide coatings [ 19 ], etc.). However, it seems that most of the interest lies in biocompatible coatings based on polysaccharides, such as alginate (ALG), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and others [ 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”