Polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum selectively activates B cells and macrophages but not T cells

Han, Sang Bae; Park, S H; Lee, Ki Hoon; Lee, Chang Woo; Lee, Sang‐Han; Kim, Hyoung-Chin; Kim, Y S; Lee, Hyun Sun; Kim, Hwan Mook

doi:10.1016/s1567-5769(01)00124-2

Cited by 125 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Conventional cancer therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, play limited roles in the overall treatment of most solid tumors (Cai et al, 2012;Li et al, 2011). In particular, the majority of conventional chemotherapeutics, which have been identified as cytotoxic to cancer cells, are also toxic to normal cells and cause serious side effects (Chen et al, 2012b;Han et al, 2001). Natural products are commonly safe, biocompatible, and biodegradable, and have extensive bioactivities (Wang et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from various natural sources, such as fungi, yeasts, mushrooms, plants, and sea organisms (Han et al, 2001;Liu et al, 2012;Schepetkin & Quinn, 2006). Clinically, some natural polysaccharides, including lentinan, schizophyllan, and krestin, have been accepted as immunoceuticals in several oriental countries (Han et al, 2001;Masuda et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinically, some natural polysaccharides, including lentinan, schizophyllan, and krestin, have been accepted as immunoceuticals in several oriental countries (Han et al, 2001;Masuda et al, 2009;Tang et al, 2012). The clinical trials reported no adverse effects with the administration of these polysaccharides, and the prolongation of patient's survival was associated with increased infiltration of T cells, B cells, and macrophages in tumor, prevention of metastasis, and restoration of Th1 to Th2 balance (Leung et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polysaccharides fromCymbopogon citratuswith antitumor and immunomodulatory activity

Bao

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Most of the present studies on the antitumor efficiency of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Gramineae) are limited to its low-mass compounds, and little information about the antitumor activity of polysaccharides from this plant is available. Objectives: This study focused on the potential antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides (CCPS) from C. citratus. Materials and methods: CCPS was isolated using the water extraction-ethanol precipitation method. The sarcoma 180 (S180) cells-inoculated mice were intraperitoneally administrated with CCPS (30-200 mg/kg/d) for seven consecutive days. The effects of CCPS on tumor growth, thymus and spleen weights, splenocyte proliferation, and cytokine secretion in the tumorbearing mice were measured. The cytotoxicity of CCPS (50-800 lg/mL) towards S180 cells was also studied. Results: CCPS significantly inhibited the growth of the transplanted S180 tumors, with the inhibition rates ranging from 14.8 to 37.8%. Simultaneously, CCPS dose-dependently improved the immunity of the tumor-bearing mice. With the highest dose of 200 mg/kg/d, the thymus and spleen indices were increased by 21.9 and 91.9%, respectively; ConA-and LSP-induced splenocyte proliferations were increased by 32.7 and 35.3%, respectively. The secretions of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 2 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) were increased by 103.2, 40.2, 23.6, and 26.3%, respectively. Nevertheless, almost no toxicity of CCPS towards S180 cells was observed, with the maximal inhibition rate less than 15% at the CCPS concentration of 800 lg/mL. Conclusion: CCPS exhibited antitumor activity in vivo, and this activity might be achieved by immunoenhancement rather than direct cytotoxicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polysaccharides fromCymbopogon citratuswith antitumor and immunomodulatory activity

Bao

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…It has been reported that the polysaccharides from the aqueous extract of P. grandiflorum root prevent hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes (Kim et al, 2000). Moreover, the inulin-type polysaccharides, (1→2)-β-d-fructan, isolated from the roots of P. grandiflorum demonstrated an selective immunological effect on B cells and macrophages, but not on T cells (Han et al, 2001). Triterpenoid saponins were also found in the roots of P. grandiflorum such as platycodins (A, D, D 2 , and D 3 ), 2″-and 3″-O-acetyl polygalacin D 2 , platyconic acid, and platycosides (A, B, C, D, E, and F) (Kim et al, 2007).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also includes deapio-platycoside E, platycoside E, deapio-platycodin D 3 , platycodin D 3 , deapio-platycodin D, platycodin D, polygalacin D, 3″-O-acetyl polygalacin D, platycodin A, and 2″-O-acetyl polygalacin D. In addition, it was reported that the aqueous extract of P. grandiflorum contained a polysaccharide, an inulin-type polyfructose, (1→2)-β-dfructan (Han et al, 2001;Oka et al, 1992).…”

Section: Hplc Fingerprint Analysis Of Bc703mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of the aqueous extract from the root ofPlatycodon grandiflorumon cholestasis-induced hepatic injury in mice

Kim

Lee

Song

et al. 2012

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Inulin stimulates phagocytosis of PMA‐treated THP‐1 macrophages by involvement of PI3‐kinases and MAP kinases

et al. 2011

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Inulin is a polysaccharide that enhances various immune responses, mainly to T and B cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Previous reports describe that inulin activates macrophages indirectly by affecting the alternative complement pathway. In this study, we examined the direct effect of inulin on PMA-treated THP-1 macrophages. Inulin treatment did not stimulate the proliferation of THP-1 macrophages at all. However, inulin treatment significantly increased phagocytosis of the polystyrene beads without the influence of serum. Doses of around 1 mg/mL had the maximal effect, and significant progression of phagocytosis occurred at times treated over 6 h. Inulin augmented phagocytosis not only with polystyrene beads but also with apoptotic cancer cells. The inulin-induced phagocytosis uptake was suppressed in Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 mutated C3H/HeJ mice peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, inulin-induced THP-1 macrophage TNF-α secretion was inhibited using a blocking antibody specific to TLR4, suggesting that TLR4 is involved in the binding of inulin to macrophages. Furthermore, we used specific kinase inhibitors to assess the involvement of inulin-induced phagocytosis and revealed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase, especially p38, participated in phagocytosis. These results suggest that inulin affects macrophages directly by involving the TLR4 signaling pathway and stimulating phagocytosis for enhancing immunomodulation.

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Polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum selectively activates B cells and macrophages but not T cells

Cited by 125 publications

References 31 publications

Polysaccharides fromCymbopogon citratuswith antitumor and immunomodulatory activity

Polysaccharides fromCymbopogon citratuswith antitumor and immunomodulatory activity

Protective effect of the aqueous extract from the root ofPlatycodon grandiflorumon cholestasis-induced hepatic injury in mice

Inulin stimulates phagocytosis of PMA‐treated THP‐1 macrophages by involvement of PI3‐kinases and MAP kinases

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