Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born

Waś, Halina; Borkowska, Agata; Olszewska, Aleksandra; Klemba, Aleksandra; Marciniak, Marta; Synowiec, Agnieszka; Kiéda, Claudine

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.003

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multinucleated or so-called polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been found in a variety of cancerous tissues and play a prominent role in drug resistance, invasiveness, metastasis, and stemness properties [194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205][206]. The predominant mechanisms leading to PGCC formation depend on endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokines failure, cell cannibalism, and cell-cell fusion (for review see: [204,207]). Likewise, different triggers of PGCC formation have been identified, such as chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy, hypoxia, oxidative stress, air pollution, UV light, hyperthermia, and oncoviruses (for review see: [204,206,207]).…”

Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The predominant mechanisms leading to PGCC formation depend on endoreplication, mitotic slippage, cytokines failure, cell cannibalism, and cell-cell fusion (for review see: [204,207]). Likewise, different triggers of PGCC formation have been identified, such as chemotherapeutics, radiotherapy, hypoxia, oxidative stress, air pollution, UV light, hyperthermia, and oncoviruses (for review see: [204,206,207]).…”

Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Dittmar

Weiler

Luo

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Cell fusion is a well-known, but still scarcely understood biological phenomenon, which might play a role in cancer initiation, progression and formation of metastases. Although the merging of two (cancer) cells appears simple, the entire process is highly complex, energy-dependent and tightly regulated. Among cell fusion-inducing and -regulating factors, so-called fusogens have been identified as a specific type of proteins that are indispensable for overcoming fusion-associated energetic barriers and final merging of plasma membranes. About 8% of the human genome is of retroviral origin and some well-known fusogens, such as syncytin-1, are expressed by human (cancer) cells. Likewise, enveloped viruses can enable and facilitate cell fusion due to evolutionarily optimized fusogens, and are also capable to induce bi- and multinucleation underlining their fusion capacity. Moreover, multinucleated giant cancer cells have been found in tumors derived from oncogenic viruses. Accordingly, a potential correlation between viruses and fusogens of human endogenous retroviral origin in cancer cell fusion will be summarized in this review.

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Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus-mediated Cell-cell Fusion and Syncytia/pgcc Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Dittmar

Weiler

Luo

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…There are no recognized CIC standards and criteria. The terms entosis, cannibalism, cannibalistic entosis [13], or heterotypic entosis were used interchangeably [17]. Therefore, we provide a broad overview of the field as a starting point for a larger discussion, and to be able to determine the criteria for the comparison of studies originating from different research groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Cell-in-Cell Structures: Different Phenomena with Similar Appearance

Borensztejn¹,

Tyrna²,

Gaweł³

et al. 2021

Cells

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A phenomenon known for over 100 years named “cell-in-cell” (CIC) is now undergoing its renaissance, mostly due to modern cell visualization techniques. It is no longer an esoteric process studied by a few cell biologists, as there is increasing evidence that CICs may have prognostic and diagnostic value for cancer patients. There are many unresolved questions stemming from the difficulties in studying CICs and the limitations of current molecular techniques. CIC formation involves a dynamic interaction between an outer or engulfing cell and an inner or engulfed cell, which can be of the same (homotypic) or different kind (heterotypic). Either one of those cells appears to be able to initiate this process, which involves signaling through cell–cell adhesion, followed by cytoskeleton activation, leading to the deformation of the cellular membrane and movements of both cells that subsequently result in CICs. This review focuses on the distinction of five known forms of CIC (cell cannibalism, phagoptosis, enclysis, entosis, and emperipolesis), their unique features, characteristics, and underlying molecular mechanisms.

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“…Recent studies have confirmed that PGCCs possess CSC properties, with the expression of the CSC markers CD44 and CD133. Fused cancer cells can contribute to the formation of PGCCs, which are highly tumorigenic and chemoresistant (Zhang et al, 2014a;Was et al, 2021). PGCCs exhibiting CSC-like properties can be induced by various stimuli, including hypoxia, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, and contribute to cellular heterogeneity, stemness, chemoresistance, metastasis, and tumor progression (Zhang et al, 2014a;Zhang et al, 2014b;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Cell Fusion and Polyploid Giant Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Cell fusion is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including gamete binding, and cancer development. The basic processes of cell fusion include membrane fusion, cytoplasmic mixing, and nuclear fusion. Cell fusion is regulated by different proteins and signaling pathways. Syncytin-1, syncytin-2, glial cell missing 1, galectin-1 and other proteins (annexins, myomaker, myomerger etc.) involved in cell fusion via the cyclic adenosine-dependent protein kinase A, mitogen-activated protein kinase, wingless/integrase-1, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways. In the progression of malignant tumors, cell fusion is essential during the organ-specific metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), cancer angiogenesis and cancer immunity. In addition, diploid cells can be induced to form polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) via cell fusion under many kinds of stimuli, including cobalt chloride, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine. PGCCs have CSC-like properties, and the daughter cells derived from PGCCs have a mesenchymal phenotype and exhibit strong migration, invasion, and proliferation abilities. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanisms of cell fusion can enable us better understand the development of malignant tumors. In this review, the basic process of cell fusion and its significance in cancer is discussed.

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Polyploidy formation in cancer cells: How a Trojan horse is born

Cited by 53 publications

References 191 publications

Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression

Classification of Cell-in-Cell Structures: Different Phenomena with Similar Appearance

Cell Fusion-Related Proteins and Signaling Pathways, and Their Roles in the Development and Progression of Cancer

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