Polynitro-functionalized 4-phenyl-1H-pyrazoles as heat-resistant explosives

Abstract

A new class of heat-resistant explosives was synthesized by coupling N-methyl-3,5-dinitropyrazole with polynitrobenzene moieties through carbon-carbon bonds. Simple Pd(0) based Suzuki cross-coupling reactions between N-methyl-4-bromo-3,5-dinitropyrazole and 4-chloro/3-hyrdroxy-phenylboronic acid followed by...

Taming of 4-azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole based energetic materials

“…21 The presence of nitrogen-rich explosophores like azido (–N 3 ) in the energetic materials can further improve their heats of formation and increase the overall nitrogen content making them greener. 22–24 Among the five-membered nitrogen-rich heterocycles, 4-substituted-3,5-dinitropyrazole-based energetic compounds are the most explored, and their properties can be controlled depending on the substituent at the 4th position. 25 Substituents capable of forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds ( e.g.…”

Integrating three types of structure reinforcements abounding in heat-resistant explosives to construct a 3D solvent-free EMOF with superb stability

“…Heat-resistant energetic materials are a particular type of energetic material meeting the special needs of space missions, deep wells, and other specialized applications. [1][2][3] To satisfy the harsh requirements of the above application scenarios, heat-resistant energetic materials need to be exposed to high temperature for a long time with superior heat resistance and stability. 4,5 Currently, canonical energetic materials include 2,2 0 ,4,4 0 ,6,6 0 -hexanitrostilbene (HNS, T d = 318 1C), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB, T d = 350 1C), 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105, T d = 342 1C), 3,5-dinitro-2,6-bispicrylamino pyridine (PYX, T d = 342 1C), etc.…”

Controlling the Energetic Properties of N-Methylene-C-Linked 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitropyrazole- and Tetrazole-Based Compounds via a Selective Mono- and Dicationic Salt Formation Strategy

“…High-energy density materials (HEDMs) have significantly benefited the progress of humankind, increasing its demand for both military and civilian applications. − Explosives have been used to mitigate various difficult undertakings, including mining, construction projects, metal cutting, oil drilling, space explorations, etc. , Contemporary research in the field of energetic materials has been essentially focusing on the synthesis of environmentally friendly, stable, and insensitive explosives, apart from their high-performing characteristics. This is due to the numerous instances of unintentional initiation of conventional explosives such as RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine). , The enhanced safety provided by insensitive explosives reduces battlefield vulnerability and helps in storing and transporting larger quantities of explosive materials. − TATB (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitro-benzene), an industrial insensitivity standard, also has limitations due to its lower energetic performance and large critical diameter. , Hence, there is a need for novel energetic materials having adequate detonation performance while maintaining their physical stability.…”