Polymorphism of the Hypervariable Region of the csd Gene in the Apis mellifera L. Population in Southern Urals

Каскинова, М. Д.; Гатауллин, А. Р.; Салтыкова, Е. С.; Гайфуллина, Л. Р.; Poskryakov, A. V.; Николенко, А. Г.

doi:10.1134/s102279541902008x

Cited by 12 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…This is exemplified by HVR lengths reported in Kenyan and global samples ranging from 6 to 33 amino acids (Lechner et al 2014) and in a smaller sampling of a closed breeding system ranging from 21 to 38 amino acids (Hyink et al 2013). Our ranges in size of the HVR (10-29 for all but one sample) and numbers of pairwise differences fell within those reported for both open and closed populations of bees (Hasselmann and Beye 2006;Hasselmann et al 2008;Hyink et al 2013;Kaskinova et al 2019;Lechner et al 2014;Wang et al 2012;Zareba et al 2017). Variance in HVR length and diversity levels are inherently intertwined with sample size; however, the apparent high mutation rate of the HVR contributes to considerable variation that is detectable even in relatively low numbers of breeding lines, as was seen with the Pol-line stock being represented by only 17 breeding lines in our samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Nucleotide diversity levels worldwide ranged from 0.03 to 0.09 (Hasselmann and Beye 2006;Hasselmann et al 2008;Lechner et al 2014;Wang et al 2012), encompassing the range we found in our samples. Allelic diversity of the csd protein is most commonly reported as frequency distributions and total numbers of protein alleles, showing total values from 16 alleles in small, closed populations, to over 100 alleles when assessed regionally in open populations (Hyink et al 2013;Kaskinova et al 2019;Zareba et al 2017). Proportionally, our samples fell within this range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management of allelic diversity at this locus is critical for breeding programs, and specific information about csd allele distribution could directly benefit mating decisions (Page and Laidlaw 1982;Page and Marks 1982). Evaluation of csd in breeding programs in New Zealand (Hyink et al 2013) and Russia (Kaskinova et al 2019) found levels of allelic diversity and patterns of frequency distributions comparable with those found in minimally managed populations of honey bees worldwide (Lechner et al 2014;Zareba et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene in two closed breeding stocks of Varroa -resistant honey bees

2020

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Honey bee (Apis mellifera) breeding programs that use a closed mating system are particularly vulnerable to low genetic diversity. Inadequate diversity at the complementary sex-determiner (csd) locus is problematic and potentially catastrophic in honey bee populations because it causes low brood viability. In typical commercial populations, queens are open mated and csd diversity is fostered by high rates of introgression. In this study, we examine genetic diversity within the highly variable region (HVR) of csd in two stocks bred for resistance to Varroa destructor: Pol-line and Hilo, both of which use closed mating systems. We sampled 47 Pol-line colonies and 41 Hilo colonies and found 60 protein alleles that were condensed into 35 allele groupings by sequence similarity. We found that proportionately, HVR diversity levels were comparable with those in other closed breeding populations as well as open-mated populations of A. mellifera worldwide. Distinct patterns are observed among Pol-line and Hilo csd protein alleles in both the phylogeny and allele frequency distributions, suggesting early divergence of the two stocks. When compared with an African outgroup, both stocks shared alleles with the outgroup, suggesting ancestral lineages are present and not all diversity is due to new mutations. Periodic monitoring of csd diversity is recommended for closed breeding programs. The csd diversity data reported here are currently being used to make breeding decisions in these two mite-resistant populations of honey bees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity of the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene in two closed breeding stocks of Varroa -resistant honey bees

2020

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“…Exons 6, 7, and 8 encode the potential specifying domain that is under balancing selection [20,22]. Most of the allelic variation of the csd gene resides in the hypervariable region (HVR) encoded by exon 8 [3,21,[23][24][25][26][27]. The HVR, flanked by conserved regions at both ends, consists of a variable number of A/T-rich nucleotide repeats, which mainly encode for a variable number of asparagine (N) and tyrosine (Y) residues.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Next Generation Semiconductor-Based Sequencing for the Identification of Apis mellifera Complementary Sex Determiner (csd) Alleles from Honey DNA

Bovo

Ribani

Utzeri

et al. 2021

Insects

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The complementary sex determiner (csd) gene plays an essential role in the sex determination of Apis mellifera L. Females develop only if fertilized eggs have functional heterozygous genotypes at this gene whereas males, being haploids, are hemizygous. Two identical csd alleles produce non vital males. In light of the recent decline in honey bee populations, it is therefore important to monitor the allele variability at this gene. In this study, we tested the application of next generation semiconductor-based sequencing technology (Ion Torrent) coupled with environmental honey DNA as a source of honey bee genome information to retrieve massive sequencing data for the analysis of variability at the hypervariable region (HVR) of the csd gene. DNA was extracted from 12 honey samples collected from honeycombs directly retrieved from 12 different colonies. A specifically designed bioinformatic pipeline, applied to analyze a total of about 1.5 million reads, identified a total of 160 different csd alleles, 55% of which were novel. The average number of alleles per sample was compatible with the number of expected patrilines per colony, according to the mating behavior of the queens. Allele diversity at the csd could also provide information useful to reconstruct the history of the honey.

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“…These subspecies bear economic importance, out of which A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica are kept worldwide commercially [15]. Several alleles of various honey bee subspecies were described based on the hypervariable (HVR) region [11,[16][17][18]. This particular region of the csd gene was selected for the typing of csd alleles in breeding programmes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Alternative, High Throughput Method to Identify Csd Alleles of the Honey Bee

Kolics

Parrag

Házi³

et al. 2020

Insects

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Applying instrumental insemination in closely related honey bee colonies often leads to frequent lethality of offspring causing colony collapse. This is due to the peculiarities of honey bee reproductive biology, where the complementary sex determination (csd) gene drives sex determination within a haplodiploid system. Diploid drones containing homozygous genotypes are lethal. Tracking of csd alleles using molecular markers prevents this unwanted event in closed breeding programs. Our approach described here is based on high throughput sequencing (HTS) that provides more data than traditional molecular techniques and is capable of analysing sources containing multiple alleles, including diploid individuals as the bee queen. The approach combines HTS technique and clipping wings as a minimally invasive method to detect the complementary sex determiner (csd) alleles directly from honey bee queens. Furthermore, it might also be suitable for screening alleles of honey harvested from hives of a closed breeding facility. Data on alleles of the csd gene from different honey bee subspecies are provided. It might contribute to future databases that could potentially be used to track the origin of honey. With the help of tracking csd alleles, more focused crossings will be possible, which could in turn accelerate honey bee breeding programmes targeting increase tolerance against varroosis as well.

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Polymorphism of the Hypervariable Region of the csd Gene in the Apis mellifera L. Population in Southern Urals

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Genetic diversity of the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene in two closed breeding stocks of Varroa -resistant honey bees

Genetic diversity of the complementary sex-determiner (csd) gene in two closed breeding stocks of Varroa -resistant honey bees

Application of Next Generation Semiconductor-Based Sequencing for the Identification of Apis mellifera Complementary Sex Determiner (csd) Alleles from Honey DNA

An Alternative, High Throughput Method to Identify Csd Alleles of the Honey Bee

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