Polymerization and cracking during the hydrotreatment of bio-oil and heavy fractions obtained by fractional condensation using Ru/C and NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst

Kadarwati, Sri; Oudenhoven, Stijn; Schagen, Mark; Hu, Xun; Garcı̀a-Pèrez, Manuel; Kersten, Sascha R.A.; Li, Chun‐Zhu; Westerhof, Roel Johannes Maria

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2016.01.011

Cited by 45 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After 4 h, the samples were analyzed by GC‐MS and the formation of MGP and ML was quantified (Table ). The yields are in good agreement with reports in the literature with the same catalyst and reaction temperatures . At 150 °C, after 4 h MGP was present and only a minor amount of ML was observed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…They ields are in good agreementw ith reportsi nt he literature with the same catalyst and reaction temperatures. [26] At 150 8C, after 4h MGP was present and only am inor amounto fM Lw as observed.A t1 70 8C, after 4h the selective formation of ML was observed.T his indicates that MGP is stable at 150 8C, but starts to degrade at 170 8C. At 150 8C, no AIS formation was observed.…”

Section: Production Of Chemicals: Methyl A-d-glucopyranoside (Mgp) Anmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The stabilized oil was than hydrotreated in the same way as that used for ASO. The organic yields were previously reported and used herein for comparison with routes B and C in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first stage,t he first condenser oil was hydrotreated in a4 5mLs tirred autoclave at 250 8Cf or 4hat an initial hydrogen pressure of 190 bar with 5wt% Ru/C catalyst. Theo btained product oil was referred to as HSO.T he stabilized oil was than hydrotreated in the same way as that used for ASO.T he organic yields were previously reported [26] and used herein for comparison with routes Band CinF igure 1.…”

Section: Procedures and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuel and Methyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Fractional Condensed Pyrolysis Oil and Alcohol

Westerhof

Oudenhoven

et al. 2016

Energy Tech

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential for the stabilization of biomass‐derived pyrolysis oils by using acid‐catalyzed (Amberlyst 70) reactions with alcohol (T=140–170 °C, P≈20 bar (1 bar=105 Pa)). The alcohol‐stabilized oils were further upgraded by catalytic hydrotreatment (T=400 °C, non‐sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst) to give a biofuel. The concept was evaluated experimentally in terms of overall mass and energy balances and biofuel properties. The pyrolysis oil used in this study was obtained by fractional condensation of pyrolysis vapors and had a very low water content that favored the equilibrium conversion of the stabilization reactions. The energy efficiency was between 44 and 48 %. Preliminary results with acid‐leached biomass showed that 43 % of levoglucosan in the pyrolysis oil was converted into methyl levulinate after the pyrolysis oil was purified. The proposed integrated concept of alcoholysis can be applied locally at the pyrolysis oil production site.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Production Of Chemicals: Methyl A-d-glucopyranoside (Mgp) Anmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The stabilized oil was than hydrotreated in the same way as that used for ASO. The organic yields were previously reported and used herein for comparison with routes B and C in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Procedures and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuel and Methyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Fractional Condensed Pyrolysis Oil and Alcohol

Westerhof

Oudenhoven

et al. 2016

Energy Tech

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“…No compounds less than C 14 were identified in the oil phase. For most aqueous phase HDO upgrading of bio‐oils, protection of random C−C bonds from breaking is not well controlled, while for this catalytic conversion of biocrude of Grindelia squarrosa , the cracking reaction on the side chain on the grindelic acid is preferred. Among the products, only the compounds 1 and 10 contain aromatic structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading Biocrude of Grindelia Squarrosa to Jet Fuel Precursors by Aqueous Phase Hydrodeoxygenation

Yang¹,

Pereira²,

Neupane³

et al. 2018

Energy Tech

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Bio‐jet fuel is increasingly attracting attention in attempts to reduce the environmental impacts of aviation fuels. Feedstocks like camelina, jatropha and algae have been extensively studied, and exhibit fair performance in producing low‐density hydrocarbon biofuels, mainly from triglyceride lipids. Grindelia squarrosa is a promising feedstock since the primary diterpenoid, grindelic acid with the branched tricyclic structure, is the major component in its biocrude. Herein, a heterogeneous bi‐functional catalyst, palladium with the reductive properties supported on tungstate zirconia with acidic properties and good stability in hydrothermal media, was used for the conversion of Grindelia squarrosa biocrude to potential bio‐jet fuels. Different solid acid catalyst supports and a variety of reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalyst loading, hydrogen pressure, and reaction time, were systematically investigated. At the optimum conditions, the oxygen content deceased from 18.1 % in the Grindelia squarrosa biocrude feedstock to 5.6 % in the final product, and is ready for further industrial treatment. The upgrading method utilized in this work can produce jet fuel precursors for synthesizing high‐density cyclic hydrocarbons.

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A Two‐Step Approach for the Conversion of Technical Lignins to Biofuels

Figueirêdo

Venderbosch

Deuss

et al. 2020

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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strategies to valorize lignin are required. Depolymerization of lignin has been shown to have considerable potential, [6] leading to innovative lignin-derived biofuels [7,8] or drop-in chemicals. [9] In its native form, lignin consists of a highly crosslinked and methoxylated phenylpropanoid network. The structure of the biopolymer changes during isolation in typical (industrial) processes like the Kraft process used in the pulp and paper industry. [10] These technical lignins are currently produced at large scales (e.g., 50 million tons per year of Kraft lignin [11]) and consist of recalcitrant and remarkably complex structures as a result of their processing. Therefore, depolymerization is highly challenging. Various routes have been explored, and some examples are oxidative and reductive treatments using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. [12] Catalytic hydrotreatment is a well-known reductive upgrading strategy for technical lignins. It involves treatment of lignin with molecular hydrogen (or a hydrogen donor) in the presence of a suitable catalyst. Upon this treatment, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking reactions occur, and a range of valuable monomers can be obtained. [12,13] Interesting results have been reported using different setups, catalysts, reaction conditions, and lignin types (Table 1). Nonetheless, the harsh conditions that typically required cause competitive repolymerization that ultimately leads to char in addition to carbon losses to the gas phase. Altogether, these reactions have a negative impact on the techno-economic viability of the process. Furthermore, due to the presence of stable CC bonds in technical lignins, the yield and quality of the hydrotreated products are yet not optimal for such high end application. [14] Oxidation strategies have been also reported for lignin depolymerization, [12,33-35] from which ozonation stands as a relatively simple treatment for upgrading technical lignins. Ozone was shown to be highly reactive toward phenolic nuclei and CC double bonds at ambient conditions, and neither chemical additives nor catalysts are typically required. [36] It can be easily generated in situ either from oxygen or dry air, and such ozone generation technologies are industrially used [37,38] and thus wellestablished, safe, and available at all scales. Furthermore, ozone has a half-life of <1 h when dissolved, [39] thus any residual ozone in the system quickly decomposes to O 2 , providing an overall clean process with no need of extra separation steps. [40] Previous research has shown that the products obtained by ozonation Lignocellulose is a widely available carbon source and a promising feedstock for the production of advanced second-generation biofuels. Nonetheless, lignin, one of its major components, is largely underutilized and only considered an undesired byproduct. Through catalytic hydrotreatment, the highly condensed lignin can be partially depolymerized into a range of monomers. However, its recalcitrance and the presence of aromatic fragments linked by C...

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Polymerization and cracking during the hydrotreatment of bio-oil and heavy fractions obtained by fractional condensation using Ru/C and NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst

Cited by 45 publications

References 29 publications

Biofuel and Methyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Fractional Condensed Pyrolysis Oil and Alcohol

Biofuel and Methyl Levulinate from Biomass‐Derived Fractional Condensed Pyrolysis Oil and Alcohol

Upgrading Biocrude of Grindelia Squarrosa to Jet Fuel Precursors by Aqueous Phase Hydrodeoxygenation

A Two‐Step Approach for the Conversion of Technical Lignins to Biofuels

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