Polymer-supported titanium catalysts for syndiotactic polymerization of styrene

Effect of Nano-TiO2 Particles on the Performance of PVDF, PVDF-g-(Maleic anhydride), and PVDF-g-Poly(acryl amide) Membranes

“…As seen in Figure e, the peak at 530.8 eV is assigned to CO in PAM for the neat membrane. In the case of the hybrid membrane, the O 1s peak can be fitted with three peaks: a peak at 530.3 eV assigned to O 1s in TiO 2 , a peak at 530.8 eV assigned to O atom in CO in PAM, and a peak at 531.4 eV that can be assumed to be the new complex of CO···Ti …”

“…In the case of the hybrid membrane, the O 1s peak can be fitted with three peaks: a peak at 530.3 eV assigned to O 1s in TiO 2 , a peak at 530.8 eV assigned to O atom in CdO in PAM, and a peak at 531.4 eV that can be assumed to be the new complex of CdO 3 3 3 Ti. 35 Based on the discussions above, one can reach the conclusion that nanoparticles can be immobilized on the surface of membranes in two ways: one involves the formation of a relatively stable chemical structure resulting from the reaction between nano-TiO 2 particles and functional groups in the polymer, such as CdO in maleic anhydride or acryl amide; the other involves embedding of nano-TiO 2 particles in the membrane as a result of their intertwining with polymer chains during the hybrid membrane preparation process.…”

In Situsynthesis of inorganic filler‐filled polyethylene using polyethersulfone‐supported TiCl4catalyst system

“…Despite of little influence on the crystallization kinetics, presence of filler shows major influence on the degree of crystallinity of PE as shown in Table III. The degree of crystallinity of the filler‐filled PEs was measured using the following formula,51, 52 where X is the percent crystallinity of the composites; Δ H m the melting enthalpy (J g −1 ) of the filler‐filled PE; Δ H o the melting enthalpy (293 J g −1 ) of 100% crystalline PE53, 54; m p the mass (g) of PE in the filler‐filled PE; and m c is the mass (g) of the filler‐filled PE. CaCO 3 ‐filled PE possesses a higher degree of crystallinity and higher melting temperature than MgO‐ and TiO 2 ‐filled PEs.…”

Preparation of polymer-supported zirconocene catalysts and olefin polymerization

“…Different preparations of PSAm‐supported catalysts are shown in Table II. When preparing PSAm · Ti catalyst for syndiotactic polymerization of styrene,14 it was found that TiCl 4 coordinated easily with amide groups in PSAm. But, for Cp 2 ZrCl 2 , as in the case of Cat‐4, the bare PSAm carries so little Zr that cannot be detected, probably because Cp 2 ZrCl 2 is less electron‐deficient than TiCl 4 ; and Zr atoms do not coordinate directly with functional groups in PSAm.…”