Polymer Chemistry Under the Action of Microwave Irradiation

Bogdał, Dariusz; Matras, Katarzyna

doi:10.1002/9783527619559.ch14

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 79 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Microwave-assisted chemical synthesis is a widely employed technique that leads to enhanced rates, yields, and purities in comparison to reactions conducted with conventional heating. − Under optimized conditions, reactants directly absorb microwave irradiation, as compared to the typical conventional heating cases (e.g., with an oil bath or heating block) in which energy is transferred, often via solvent, by thermal conduction. Success in the field of small molecule microwave-assisted organic synthesis − has given rise to growing interest in using microwaves as a heating source for polymerizations and postpolymerization modifications. − The potential ability to accelerate polymerization reactions while simultaneously reducing the probability of side reactions indicates this method may prove particularly useful during the synthesis of well-defined polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Success in the field of small molecule microwave-assisted organic synthesis [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] has given rise to growing interest in using microwaves as a heating source for polymerizations and postpolymerization modifications. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] The potential ability to accelerate polymerization reactions while simultaneously reducing the probability of side reactions indicates this method may prove particularly useful during the synthesis of well-defined polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid Block Copolymer Synthesis by Microwave-Assisted RAFT Polymerization

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A single-mode microwave reactor was employed for the synthesis of well-defined homopolymers and block copolymers of acrylamido and acrylate monomers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The rates of polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and Nisopropylacrylamide were significantly higher than those observed under conventional heating conditions, yet the resulting homopolymers retained thiocarbonylthio end group functionality, as evidenced by efficient extension during block copolymerizations. Moreover, the dramatically enhanced rates of polymerization observed under microwave conditions did not negatively affect molecular weight control during homopolymerization or block copolymerization. In all cases, low polydispersity indices were observed, and the agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights was excellent. Rate enhancement may ultimately be the result of thermal effects not easily duplicated under conventional heating conditions. The methods outlined herein permit the total synthesis of block copolymers in a dramatically shortened period of time.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Block Copolymer Synthesis by Microwave-Assisted RAFT Polymerization

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, microwave technology applied to polymer processing, and particularly to the polymerization process has become a subject of a great deal of scientific and industrial research. Microwave technology has been widely accepted as a popular unconventional technology in polymer chemistry and also as an alternative to, and often improvement on, conventional heating [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphonation of Expanded Polystyrene Waste Under Microwave Irradiation

et al. 2008

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemical modification of polymeric materials is one way of polymer waste management. In our study, expanded polystyrene waste (EPS), used as the reference material, was converted into polymeric flocculants by the sulphonation reaction. Thus, poly(styrenesulphonate) acids (EPSS) were obtained from EPS during the sulphonation process with sulphuric acid as the sulphonation agent and Ag 2 SO 4 as the catalyst under both conventional heating and microwave conditions. At the termination of the process the products were precipitated in the form of sodium salts (NaEPSS) in the reaction with Na 2 CO 3 and their characteristics were given . The influence of temperature and time of reaction on the properties of EPSS and NaEPSS was studied and compared with conventional and microwave conditions. The results showed that the sulphonation process performed under microwave irradiation allowed us to receive products with properties similar to the ones obtained under conventional conditions but the reaction time was substantially reduced from 1 and ½ hour to 15 min.

show abstract

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Solid Epoxy Resins: Study of Molecular Weight by GPC and MALDI-TOF/MS

Bogdał

Gorczyk

Kwasek

2016

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new method of preparation of solid epoxy resins (SER) with desired epoxy-group content via an advanced process under microwave irradiation is presented together with the results of molecular weight measurements for narrow oligomeric fractions obtained from chromatographic separation of SER. All the measurements were performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization spectrometry–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). In the GPC analysis, two types of calibration were used: the first was a standard calibration based on polystyrene standards, while the second was done on the basis of a chromatograms of epoxy resins synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA). On the basis of the MALDI-TOF analysis, it was assumed that the purity of starting materials, i.e., low molecular weight epoxy resin, clearly determined the structure of the SER. In order to obtain an SER with linear chain structures and an even number of polymerization degrees, the low molecular weight epoxy needs to be characterized by a high content of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA) as it was observed for Rutapox 0162. In the case of low molecular weight epoxy resins that contained a higher oligomeric fraction of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (EDBPA) like Epikote 828, one can observe an even and odd polymerization degree which resulted in the branching of chain structures. Eventually, the procedure of chromatographic separation of SER allowed a better correlation of results from MALDI-TOF/MS and the GPC.

show abstract

Polymer Chemistry Under the Action of Microwave Irradiation

Cited by 3 publications

References 79 publications

Rapid Block Copolymer Synthesis by Microwave-Assisted RAFT Polymerization

Rapid Block Copolymer Synthesis by Microwave-Assisted RAFT Polymerization

Sulphonation of Expanded Polystyrene Waste Under Microwave Irradiation

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Solid Epoxy Resins: Study of Molecular Weight by GPC and MALDI-TOF/MS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About