Polymer‐based monolithic columns in capillary format tailored by using controlled in situ polymerization

Abstract

This review introduces to the readers our new perspectives of polymer-based monolithic column with a high performance for small solutes such as drug candidates, illustrating the fabrication of LC columns in capillary. First, we briefly reviewed the status quo of polymer-based monolithic columns, comparing with silica monoliths. The miniaturization of LC system with higher throughput (shorter analytical time) was stressed conceptually, along with a fine permeable bicontinuous monolithic structure with submicron domain size (skeletal thickness + pore size) for higher performance. Second, from these perspectives, our column preparation was described, while our specially designed porogenic solvents were introduced as a controller of the monolithic morphology via reaction-induced phase separation. Specifically, monolithic columns were exemplified in two polymer formats, that is, one monolith prepared by free radical polymerization of glycerin 1,3-dimethacrylate, GDMA, and the other prepared by stepwise polymerization of newly introduced multifunctional epoxy and diamino monomers. Both monolithic columns in capillary format demonstrated a fine bicontinuous structure, affording a good compatibility of the efficiency (H) and permeability (D). Especially, the epoxy-based column showed an excellent separation impedance, E (=H(2)/D). Our micro-HPLC data were discussed along with a prototyped wired chip device.

Basic Chromatographic Properties of Polyethylene Glycol-type, Polymer-based Monolithic Columns

“…such as 50 -100 μm because of shrinkage of the polymer. 9,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In this experiment, in spite of the wider 0.53 mm i.d. capillary, PEG-type monolithic polymers were formed homogeneously.…”

Ring‐Opening Polymerization with Synergistic Co‐monomers: Access to a Boronate‐Functionalized Polymeric Monolith for the Specific Capture of cis‐Diol‐Containing Biomolecules under Neutral Conditions

“…These results suggest that the prepared monolith followed the typical bicontinuous poredistribution model. [11] The loading capacity of the prepared monolithic capillaries at pH 7.0 was measured to be 1.56 mmol mL as the test compound. For comparison, the value for a boronate-functionalized monolithic column without intermolecular coordination was zero.…”

Low-flow-resistance Methacrylate-based Polymer Monolithic Column Prepared by Low-conversion Ultraviolet Photopolymerization at Low Temperature

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Materials suitable for the fabrication of the monolithic bed are divided into two main categories: silica [6][7][8] and polymer [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] monolith. Silica monolithic columns have well-controlled pore structure, good mechanical strength, and high column efficiency, 7,8 while polymer monolithic columns have unique features such as applicability over a wide pH range and simplicity of preparation.…”

“…Silica monolithic columns have well-controlled pore structure, good mechanical strength, and high column efficiency, 7,8 while polymer monolithic columns have unique features such as applicability over a wide pH range and simplicity of preparation. [12][13][14][15][16] One of the most attractive properties of monolithic columns is their low flow resistance resulting from the high permeability of monolithic beds. This high permeability decreases back pressure during separations and enables unique applications that are not possible with conventional packed columns.…”