Polyetylene Glycols as host solvents: applications to organic synthesis

Santaniello, Enzo; Manzocchi, Ada; Sozzani, P

doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)86654-5

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Recently, PEGs have been used for a variety of organic reactions such as the Suzuki coupling, 1-6 the Michael addition, 7 hydrogenation, [8][9][10][11] and so on. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Perrier et al 20 reported the first use of PEG as a polymerization solvent. They presume that the polarity and metal coordination ability of PEG would promote copper-catalyzed living radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol)-induced acceleration of free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate: effects of highly viscous solvent and kinetic study

Matsuoka

Kikuno

Takagi

et al. 2010

Polym J

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Poly(ethylene glycol) with a molecular weight of 400 (PEG400) as an environmentally benign and highly viscous polymeric solvent was found to effectively accelerate the free radical polymerization (FRP) of methyl methacrylate and to afford a highmolecular-weight polymer. When the polymerization in PEG400 was performed at a monomer concentration of 3.0 mol l À1 and an initiator (2,2¢-azobis(isobutyronitrile)) concentration of 0.3Â10 À2 mol l À1 , the monomer conversion was completed for 6 h to afford a polymer with a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of 838 000. After polymerization, the PEG400 solvent was readily recovered and reused. The solvent effects of highly viscous PEG400 were kinetically analyzed. The polymerization rate (R p ) was proportional to the monomer concentration and the square root of both the initiator concentration and the viscosity of the polymerization media (g). For the FRP in the mixed solvents of PEG400 and toluene, both R p and M n values increased linearly with the square root of the g value. The kinetic study has shown that the highly viscous PEG400 solvent largely suppresses diffusion-controlled bimolecular termination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(ethylene glycol)-induced acceleration of free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate: effects of highly viscous solvent and kinetic study

Matsuoka

Kikuno

Takagi

et al. 2010

Polym J

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“…However, some kinds of polymers dissolve inorganic salts to form electrolyte solutions. 3 -5 Relatively low molecular weight polyethers such as poly(ethylene oxide), 3 poly(propylene oxide) (PP0), 4 • 5 and poly(tetraWe found 6 tl1.1t PPO solutions of LiC10 4 have ionic conductivity of !0-4 -I0-6 Scm-1 at room temperature and that films of these solutions prepared by block copolymerization give a polymeric solid electrolyte. The work described in this paper is concerned with the effect of molecular weight on the ion conductive behavior of LiC10 4 in PPO.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Molecular Weight of Polymeric Solvent on Ion Conductive Behavior in Poly(propylene oxide) Solution of LiClO4

Watanabe

Ikeda

Shinohara

1983

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:Ion conductive behavior of LiCI04 in poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) was studied. PPO solutions of LiCI04 had ionic conductivity of 10-4 -10- 6 It is generally recognized that low electrical conductivity of usual polymers at low electric fields is due to ionic impurities, absorbed moisture, and decomposition products in the polymers. If a large amount of carrier ions can be generated and the carriers can have high mobility in polymers, polymeric ion conductors will be obtained. Such conductors will have a wide range of applications 1 in such areas as solid-state batteries, 2 fuel cells, electrochemical displays, and chemical sensors. In order to design a polymeric ion conductor, it is important to investigate the mechanisms of carrier generation and carrier migration in the polymer. However, because of the extremely low conduction current in usual polymers, these mechanisms have not as yet been clarified. methylene oxide) 5 are in the liquid state at room temperature, and dissolve many kinds of inorganic salts up to a high concentration. Electrolyte solutions formed with such polymeric solvents are useful in order to investigate the ion conductive behavior in polymeric materials.The most popular ionic conductors are electrolyte solutions, in which low molecular weight compounds are used as solvents. However, some kinds of polymers dissolve inorganic salts to form electrolyte solutions. 3 -5 Relatively low molecular weight polyethers such as poly(ethylene oxide), 3 poly(propylene oxide) (PP0), 4 • 5 and poly(tetraWe found 6 tl1.1t PPO solutions of LiC10 4 have ionic conductivity of !0-4 -I0-6 Scm-1 at room temperature and that films of these solutions prepared by block copolymerization give a polymeric solid electrolyte. The work described in this paper is concerned with the effect of molecular weight on the ion conductive behavior of LiC10 4 in PPO. EXPERIMENTAL MaterialsFour PPO samples having different molecular weights were used for the present study. PPO 400 (mol. wt. = 420) and PPO 3000 (mol. wt. = 2880) were obtained from Asahi Denka Industry Co. Ltd., and PPO 1000 (mol. wt. = 1160) and PPO 2000 (mol. wt. = 2020) were purchased from Kishida 65

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“…The reactions were carried out in polyethylene glycol (PEG) at moderate temperature and by avoiding the use of hazardous catalysts/bases like pyridine or piperdine, and solvents like toluene, methanol, DMF and DMSO. The PEGs are hydrophilic, thermally stable, non-toxic and protic solvents (26) having aprotic etheral sites and are able to dissolve most of the organic and some inorganic solutes (27). This class of oligomers are established as green/cleaner host recyclable solvents (28) and also functions as safer phase transfer catalyst (29,30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient method for Knoevenagel condensation: a facile synthesis of 5-arylidenyl 2,4-thiazolidinedione

Mahalle

Netankar

Bondge

et al. 2008

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Polyetylene Glycols as host solvents: applications to organic synthesis

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

Poly(ethylene glycol)-induced acceleration of free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate: effects of highly viscous solvent and kinetic study

Poly(ethylene glycol)-induced acceleration of free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate: effects of highly viscous solvent and kinetic study

Effect of Molecular Weight of Polymeric Solvent on Ion Conductive Behavior in Poly(propylene oxide) Solution of LiClO4

An efficient method for Knoevenagel condensation: a facile synthesis of 5-arylidenyl 2,4-thiazolidinedione

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