“…Fortunately, the existing methods, including atomic absorption spectroscopy, [2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][17][18][19][20], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry [7,8,10,20,21] and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, [7,10,22,23], could provide an extremely sensitive, selective and reliable way for the detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in real samples [7]. However, these methods usually involve tedious sample preparation, expensive equipment use, and lab-based tests [2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Therefore, there is always an urgent demand for the development of mobile, simple and reliable methods for rapid determination of trace Cr(VI) [2,3,8,11] and other pollutants.…”