“…It stands out not only for its environmental heterogeneity, with sandy beaches, rocky reefs, mangrove forests and many inflowing rivers, but also for its location, surrounded by one of the most urbanized areas of Brazil, inhabited by 11 million people (IBGE, 2015). As a consequence, Guanabara Bay has progressively become, throughout the years, one of the most eutrophic ecosystems in the world (Guenther et al, 2008), functioning as a final receiver of high loads of both domestic and industrial non-treated effluents, that have been significantly changing its physical and chemical conditions and thus, adversely affecting habitats and organisms integrity (Jablonski et al, 2006;Neves et al, 2007;Seixas et al, 2013).…”