Polycladomyces abyssicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic filamentous bacterium isolated from hemipelagic sediment

Tsubouchi, Taishi; Shimane, Yasuhiro; Mori, Kozue; Usui, Keiko; Hiraki, Toshiki; Tame, Akihiro; Uematsu, Katsuyuki; Maruyama, Tadashi; Hatada, Yuji

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.043596-0

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…L. sacchari LP175 showed substantial growth on NA with added cellulose, inositol, raffinose, rhamnose and sucrose; however, no growth was evident for L. sacchari comb. nov.. Isolates C77, C79, C86, C88, C89, K25 and KT176 showed 99.7% similarity with the filamentous bacteria, Polycladomyces abyssicola JIR-001 T , a novel genus which was recently reported by Tsubouchi et al (2013). Previous research has demonstrated that PLLA-degrading bacteria are distributed among the families Bacillaceae, Micromonosporaceae, Streptosporangiaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Thermoactinomycetaceae (Sukkhum et al, 2009b) and Pseudonocardiaceae .…”

Section: Phenotypic and Phylogenetic Studies Of Plla-degrading Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by thermophilic filamentous bacteria Laceyella sacchari LP175

Hanphakphoom

Maneewong

Sukkhum

et al. 2014

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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on an emulsified PLLA agar plate at 50 C. Among the isolates, strain LP175 showed the highest PLLAdegrading ability. It was closely related to Laceyella sacchari, with 99.9% similarity based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The PLLA-degrading enzyme produced by the strain was purified to homogeneity by 48.1% yield and specific activity of 328 U·mg-protein-1 with a 15.3-fold purity increase. The purified enzyme was strongly active against specific substrates such as casein and gelatin and weakly active against Suc-(Ala) 3 -pNA. Optimum enzyme activity was exhibited at a temperature of 60 C with thermal stability up to 50 C and a pH of 9.0 with pH stability in a range of 8.5 10.5. Molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 28.0 kDa, as determined by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and ethylene glycolbis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) strongly inhibited enzyme activity, but the activity was not inhibited by 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline (1,10-phen). The N-terminal amino acid sequences had 100% homology with thermostable serine protease (thermitase) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. The results obtained suggest that the PLLA-degrading enzyme produced by L. sacchari strain LP175 is serine protease.Key words: Laceyella sacchari; PLLA-degrading enzyme; Thermoactinomycetaceae; thermophilic filamentous bacteria IntroductionPoly(L-lactide) (PLLA); (C 3 H 4 O 2 )n is one of the aliphatic biodegradable polyesters derived from renewable resources such as corn, cassava, sugar cane, rice and potato through lactic acid fermentation, and it is also fully degradable by both microbial and enzymatic processes (Tokiwa et al., 2009;Gupta et al., 2007;Jarerat et al., 2006;Tokiwa and Calabia, 2006;Tomita et al., 2004). PLLA, as an environmentally friendly (eco-friendly or green ) product, has been developed on a large scale and is currently used for a wide range of applications, including packaging materials (Bhalla et al., 2007;Nolan-Itu Pty Ltd., 2002), medical applications (Jalil, 1990), agricultural products (Gross and Kalra, 2002;Sakai et al., 2001) and textiles.Most PLLA-degrading microorganisms are found in the bacterial order Actinomycetales, e.g. the families Pseudonocardiaceae (Pranamuda and Tokiwa, 1999;Pranamuda et al., 1997), Thermomonosporaceae (Sangwan and Wu, 2008;Sukkhum et al., 2009b), and Streptosporangiaceae (Sukkhum et al., 2009b). Apart from that, thermophilic bacteria in the families Thermoactinomycetaceae (Sukkhum et al., 2009b) and Firmicutes (Oda et al., 2000;Sakai et al., 2001), filamentous fungi in the genera Tritirachium and Paecilomyces (Sangwan and Wu, 2008), and yeast in the genus Cryptococcus have also been reported to be PLLA-degrading microorganisms.Many different types of enzymes are found in PLLAdegrading microorganisms, such as: protease from Amycola- Full PaperCharacterization of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by thermophilic filamentous bacteria Laceyella sacchari LP175 (Received F...

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Section: Phenotypic and Phylogenetic Studies Of Plla-degrading Thermomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by thermophilic filamentous bacteria Laceyella sacchari LP175

Hanphakphoom

Maneewong

Sukkhum

et al. 2014

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…A large group of anaerobic and thermophilic microorganisms have been isolated and studied from the deep-sea, particularly at both hydrothermal vents and sub-seafloor sites, either for their physiological properties or for their potential applications [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Representative deep-sea environments, if not in terms of geographical extension but certainly as the most spectacular, are the deep-sea hydrothermal vents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic Thermophiles

Canganella

Wiegel

2014

Life

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The term “extremophile” was introduced to describe any organism capable of living and growing under extreme conditions. With the further development of studies on microbial ecology and taxonomy, a variety of “extreme” environments have been found and an increasing number of extremophiles are being described. Extremophiles have also been investigated as far as regarding the search for life on other planets and even evaluating the hypothesis that life on Earth originally came from space. The first extreme environments to be largely investigated were those characterized by elevated temperatures. The naturally “hot environments” on Earth range from solar heated surface soils and water with temperatures up to 65 °C, subterranean sites such as oil reserves and terrestrial geothermal with temperatures ranging from slightly above ambient to above 100 °C, to submarine hydrothermal systems with temperatures exceeding 300 °C. There are also human-made environments with elevated temperatures such as compost piles, slag heaps, industrial processes and water heaters. Thermophilic anaerobic microorganisms have been known for a long time, but scientists have often resisted the belief that some organisms do not only survive at high temperatures, but actually thrive under those hot conditions. They are perhaps one of the most interesting varieties of extremophilic organisms. These microorganisms can thrive at temperatures over 50 °C and, based on their optimal temperature, anaerobic thermophiles can be subdivided into three main groups: thermophiles with an optimal temperature between 50 °C and 64 °C and a maximum at 70 °C, extreme thermophiles with an optimal temperature between 65 °C and 80 °C, and finally hyperthermophiles with an optimal temperature above 80 °C and a maximum above 90 °C. The finding of novel extremely thermophilic and hyperthermophilic anaerobic bacteria in recent years, and the fact that a large fraction of them belong to the Archaea has definitely made this area of investigation more exciting. Particularly fascinating are their structural and physiological features allowing them to withstand extremely selective environmental conditions. These properties are often due to specific biomolecules (DNA, lipids, enzymes, osmolites, etc.) that have been studied for years as novel sources for biotechnological applications. In some cases (DNA-polymerase, thermostable enzymes), the search and applications successful exceeded preliminary expectations, but certainly further exploitations are still needed.

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“…At the time of writing (April 2015), with seven new genera, Desmospora , Kroppenstedtia , Lihuaxuella , Marininema , Melghirimyces , Polycladomyces and Shimazuella , the family comprised 13 recognized genera. These bacteria are characterized by the formation of a single, non-stalked spore on the aerial or substrate hyphae, or consecutive spores on straight or branched sporephores (Tsubouchi et al , 2013). Most species of the family are thermophilic, although several members of the genera Seinonella , Mechercharimyces and Shimazuella are mesophilic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae

Yang

Chen

Zhou

2015

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1 T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. The cells were nonmotile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. Optimum growth occurred at 50 8C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted mainly of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1c (meso-DAP direct). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542 T , and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1 T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1 T (5KCTC 33118 T 5CGMCC 1.12771 T ).Within the phylum Firmicutes, as the type order of the class Bacilli, the order Bacillales contains a morphologically diverse assemblage of unicellular bacteria that includes aerobic, aerotolerant, facultatively anaerobic and strictly anaerobic strains, growing under psychrophilic, mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Members of this order are generally Gram-staining-positive and endospore-forming. As an exception, the species Bacillus horti was detected to be Gram-staining-negative, possessing a thicker peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria but a thinner one than ordinary Gram-staining-positive bacteria (Yumoto et al., 1998). Endospore formation has not been observed under tested growth conditions for some species, such as Bacillus foraminis ( The family Thermoactinomycetaceae in the order Bacillales was proposed by Matsuo et al. (2006), consisting of the genera Laceyella, Thermoflavimicrobium, Thermoactinomyces, Seinonella, Planifilum and Mechercharimyces. At the time of writing (April 2015), with seven new genera, Desmospora, Kroppenstedtia, Lihuaxuella, Marininema, Melghirimyces, Polycladomyces and Shimazuella, the family comprised 13 recognized genera. These bacteria are characterized by the formation of a single, non-stalked spore on the aerial or substrate hyphae, or consecutive spores on straight or branched sporephores (Tsubouchi et al., 2013). Most species of the family are thermophilic, although several members of the genera Seinonella, Mechercharimyces and Shimazuella are mesophilic. In this study, we repor...

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Polycladomyces abyssicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic filamentous bacterium isolated from hemipelagic sediment

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by thermophilic filamentous bacteria Laceyella sacchari LP175

Characterization of poly(L-lactide)-degrading enzyme produced by thermophilic filamentous bacteria Laceyella sacchari LP175

Anaerobic Thermophiles

Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae

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