Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from the western Adriatic Sea: Sources, historical trends and inventories

Combi, Tatiane; Miserocchi, Stefano; Langone, Leonardo; Guerra, Roberta

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.086

Cited by 46 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…As showed in Table 2, PCBs in samples from the Volturno River were similar to those found in the Hangzhou Bay, China [33], in the Chenab River, Pakistan [34], in the Portuguese coast, Portugal [35] and in Chenab River, Pakistan, by [36]. The concentrations were higher than those presented in the Tokyo Bay, Japan [37], in the Chao River, China [38], in the Haizhou Bay, China [27], in the Daliao River Estuary, China [39], in the Shuangtzaizi Estuary, China [9], in the Chaohu Lake, China [28], in the Yellow River, China [11], in the China Sea, China [40], in the Congo River Basin, Congo [41], in the Congo River Basin, Congo [42], in the Izmir Bay, Turkey [43], in the Nador Lagoon, Marocco [44], in the Morava River, Czech Republic [45], in the Plitvice Lake, Croazia [46], and in the Adriatic Sea, Italia [47]; but lower than those found in Moscow River, Russia [48], in the Yangtze Estuary, China [10], in the Ravi River, Pakistan [49], in the Umgeni River, South Africa [50], in the Msunduzi River, South Africa [51], in the Sea Lots, Trinidad and Tobago [52], in the Panama Canal and California Coast, USA [53], in the Bedford Harbor, USA [54], in the Chiacago Ship Canal, USA [55], in the Midway Atoll, Hawaii [56], in the Portuguese Coastal area, Portugal [57], in the Rhone River, France [58], in the Huveaune River, France [59], in the Durance River and Berre Lagoon, France [60], in the Someşu Mic River, Romania [61], in the Tripoli Harbor, Lebanon…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment from Volturno River, Southern Italy: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment

et al. 2020

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Background To assess the Volturno River pollution and its environmental impact on the Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea) caused by Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 32 PCBs and aldrin, α-BHC, β-BHC, δ-BHC, γ-BHC (lindane), 4,4′- DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulphate, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide (isomer B) and methoxychlor have been selected and were analyzed in three different phases: dissolved phase (DP), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments. PCBs and OCPs were extracted using an SPE column for the DP and glass fiber filter for SPM and sediment samples. Cleaned extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector (ECD) and mass spectrometry (MS) detector for PCBs and OCPs, respectively. Results Pollutants discharges of PCBs and OCPs into the sea were calculated in about 106.9 kg year−1 (87.1 kg year−1 of PCBs and 19.7 kg year−1 of OCPs), showing that this river could be a major source of PCBs and OCPs pollution to the Central Mediterranean Sea. Total concentrations of PCBs ranged from 4.1 to 48.0 ng L−1 in water (sum of DP and SPM) and from 4.3 to 64.3 ng g−1 in sediment samples. The concentrations of total organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) obtained in water (sum of DP and SPM) ranged from 0.93 to 8.66 ng L−1 and from 0.52 to 9.89 ng g−1 in sediment samples. Principal component analysis shows that all PCB compounds are more likely to come from surface runoff than an atmospheric deposition. Conclusion The data show that higher levels of PCBs and OCPs were found in sediment samples than in DP and SPM samples, which are an indication of no fresh inputs of these compounds. Based on our results, unintentionally produced PCBs by industrial processes (and other processes) were considered to be the main sources of PCBs in Volturno River and Estuary sediments. Considering the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), the Ecological Risk Index (ERI), the Risk Quotient (RQ) and the USEPA Environmental Quality Standards (EQS), the Volturno River and its Estuary would be considered an area in which the integrity is possibly at risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment from Volturno River, Southern Italy: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment

et al. 2020

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“…Marine sediment cores show similar trends. Maximum PCB concentrations in sediment cores from the western Adriatic Sea between the 1960s and 1980s were recorded by Combi et al (2016) and these decline significantly with concentrations reduced by up to 80% compared to peak values. Coastal Baltic Sea sediments also show the Northern Hemisphere pattern, with a trend of increasing PCB concentrations recorded by Sobek et al (2015) in core sections dated to the 1940s–1960s and a peak in 1974.…”

Section: Trends In Pcbs Pollution Recorded In Environmental Archivesmentioning

confidence: 94%

A consideration of polychlorinated biphenyls as a chemostratigraphic marker of the Anthropocene

Gałuszka

Migaszewski

2020

The Anthropocene Review

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Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic pollutants of anthropogenic origin, were widely used in many industrial applications worldwide roughly from the 1930s to the 1970s. Both the use and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls contributed to their ubiquity in different environmental compartments, and they show extremely high persistence because of their high physical and chemical stability. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental archives located in different parts of the world usually show an initial increase in the 1940s–1950s and maxima in the 1960s–1970s followed by a sharp decline following the ban in their use. Thus, the increase in polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations would appear to be suitable as a chronostratigraphic marker in Anthropocene strata. This manuscript discusses the polychlorinated biphenyls record in different environmental archives in the context of temporal and spatial trends in production and application of these compounds as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the use of polychlorinated biphenyls in the chemostratigraphy of the Anthropocene series.

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“…Sediments input from the Po River is ~15×10 6 t a -1 (NITTROUER et al, 2004) while the overall input to the northern and central Adriatic is 46.6×10 6 t a -1 (FRIGNANI et al, 2005). Sediments originating from the Po River consist mainly of silt and clay (COMBI et al, 2016;NITTROUER et al, 2004). The sea bottom in the eastern Adriatic is rocky with corallogenic concretions along the islands (UNEP, 2012).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The abundance, distribution and speciation of mercury in waters and sediments of the Adriatic Sea

Živković

Kotnik

Šolić

et al. 2017

Acta Adriat. (Online)

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This review focuses on mercury speciation in the Adriatic Sea, a marginal sea of the Mediterranean, which represents its distinct biogeochemical subunit due to anthropogenic mercury loadings. The current knowledge about mercury cycling in the Adriatic is presented through an overview of the state of the art of research in this area: temporal and spatial distributions and occurrence of mercury species in seawater and sediment, and chemical transformations. We summarised research results of mercury speciation in order to describe its presence and fate in the Adriatic Sea. The Adriatic Sea represents a net source of mercury to the Mediterranean Sea due to the highest total mercury concentrations observed in the North Adriatic Sea and the highest methylmercury concentrations in the South Adriatic Pit. However, the biogeochemical cycle of mercury is not completely known and our understanding of mercury transport between compartments and its (bio)transformations is limited. Future research needs to focus on microbial and chemical processes of mercury transformations to improve our understanding of the impacts of mercury contamination on the environment and human health in the Adriatic Sea.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments from the western Adriatic Sea: Sources, historical trends and inventories

Cited by 46 publications

References 55 publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment from Volturno River, Southern Italy: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment from Volturno River, Southern Italy: occurrence, distribution and risk assessment

A consideration of polychlorinated biphenyls as a chemostratigraphic marker of the Anthropocene

The abundance, distribution and speciation of mercury in waters and sediments of the Adriatic Sea

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