Polybrominated biphenyls and fetal mortality in Michigan.

Humble, Charles G.; Speizer, Frank E.

doi:10.2105/ajph.74.10.1130

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In humans, studies of women who were exposed to PBB when they were children or adults did not show a consistent association between exposure level and gestational age or birth weight of their infants (Humble and Speizer, 1984; Givens et al, 2007; Small et al, 2007). However, a study of in utero women who were exposed to PBB suggested that those with higher exposures during this critical window had increased odds of spontaneous abortion when they reached adulthood and became pregnant, compared to those with the lowest exposure (Small et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal exposure to brominated flame retardants and infant Apgar scores

et al. 2015

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and other persistent organic pollutants have been associated with adverse health outcomes in humans and may be particularly toxic to the developing fetus. We investigated the association between in utero polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures and infant Apgar scores in a cohort of Michigan residents exposed to PBB through contaminated food after an industrial accident. PBB and PCB concentrations were measured in serum at the time the women were enrolled in the cohort. PBB concentrations were also estimated at the time of conception for each pregnancy using a validated elimination model. Apgar scores, a universal measure of infant health at birth, measured at 1 and 5 minutes, were taken from birth certificates for 613 offspring born to 330 women. Maternal PCB concentrations at enrollment were not associated with below–median Apgar scores in this cohort. However, maternal PBB exposure was associated with a dose–related increase in the odds of a below–median Apgar score at 1 minute and 5 minutes. Among infants whose mothers had an estimated PBB at conception above the limit of detection of 1 part per billion, the odds ratio was 2.32 (95 % CI: 1.22– 4.40); for those with PBB ≥ 2.5 ppb the OR=2.62 (95% CI: 1.38-4.96; test for trend p< 0.01). Likewise, the odds of a below–median 5–minute Apgar increased with higher maternal PBB at conception. It remains critical that future studies examine possible relationships between in utero exposures to brominated compounds and adverse health outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal exposure to brominated flame retardants and infant Apgar scores

et al. 2015

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“…13,14 The effect of in utero exposure may differ from adult exposure on reproductive outcomes because the initiation of follicular development occurs in utero. Furthermore, the concentration of exposure relative to body weight is larger for a fetus compared to an adult.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reproductive Outcomes Among Women Exposed to a Brominated Flame Retardant In Utero

Small

Murray

Terrell

et al. 2011

Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health

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The authors studied 194 women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in utero when their mothers consumed products accidentally contaminated in Michigan in 1973. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the effect of in utero PBB exposure on adult pregnancy-related outcomes. Compared to those with the lowest exposure (≤1 ppb), those with mid-range (>1–3.16 ppb) and high (≥3.17 ppb) PBB exposure had increased odds of spontaneous abortion with wide confidence intervals (odds ratio [OR] = 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–11.79, OR = 4.08, 95% CI = 0.94–17.70; respectively; p for trend = .05). Exposure during infancy to PBB-contaminated breast milk further increased this risk. Time to pregnancy and infertility were not associated with in utero exposure to PBB. Future studies should examine the suggested relationship between spontaneous abortion and other brominated flame retardants.

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“…The associations observed here lend support to the hypothesis that pubertal events may be affected by pre-and postnatal exposure to organohalogens. Humble and Speizer (1984) carried out a study to evaluate fetal mortality (spontaneous abortions occurring after 20 weeks of gestation) in the Michigan cohort. The high exposure group consisted of seven lower peninsula counties with between 6.8 per cent and 20.4 per cent of total farms quarantined per county.…”

Section: Effects On Fertility or Offspringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

2010

EFSA Journal

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in food. PBBs are additive flame retardants which were applied in synthetic fibres and polymers. PBBs are present in the environment at low concentrations and likewise in biota and in food and feed. Data from the analysis of 16 PBB congeners in 794 food samples were provided to EFSA by 6 Member States, covering the period from 2003 to 2009. Toxicity studies were carried out with technical PBB mixtures of which the exact congener composition is not known. Main targets were the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive, nervous and immune systems. PBBs are not directly genotoxic. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) selected the hepatic carcinogenic effects as the critical effect, with a no‐observed‐effect level (NOEL) of 0.15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Since this NOEL was obtained in a study with a technical PBB mixture, the congener profile of which differs from that currently found in food, the CONTAM Panel concluded that it was inappropriate to use this NOEL to derive a health based guidance value. The intake of PBBs by high and frequent consumers of fatty fish, the subgroup with the highest dietary exposure, was approximately 6 orders of magnitude less than this NOEL. Exposure for high consuming breast‐fed infants is 5 orders of magnitude less than this NOEL. Therefore the CONTAM Panel concluded that the risk to the European population from exposure to PBBs through the diet is of no concern. Since PBBs are no longer produced or used in Europe and taking into account low and declining environmental concentrations, the CONTAM Panel concluded that PBBs are a low priority for further research or monitoring efforts.

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Polybrominated biphenyls and fetal mortality in Michigan.

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Maternal exposure to brominated flame retardants and infant Apgar scores

Maternal exposure to brominated flame retardants and infant Apgar scores

Reproductive Outcomes Among Women Exposed to a Brominated Flame Retardant In Utero

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

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