Polyamidoamine Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for the Drug Delivery to Malaria Parasite Stages in the Mosquito Vector

Abstract

SummaryMalaria is arguably one of the main medical concerns worldwide because of the numbers of people affected, the severity of the disease and the complexity of the life cycle of its causative agent, the protist Plasmodium spp. With the advent of nanoscience, renewed hopes have appeared of finally obtaining the long sought-after magic bullet against malaria in the form of a nanovector for the targeted delivery of antimalarial compounds exclusively to Plasmodium-infected cells, thus increasing drug efficacy and minimizing the induction of resistance to newly developed therapeutic agents. Poly(amidoamine) (PAA)-derived nanovectors combine into a single chemical structure drug encapsulating capacity, antimalarial activity, low unspecific toxicity, specific targeting to Plasmodium, optimal in vivo activity, and affordable synthesis cost. After having shown their efficacy in targeting drugs to intraerythrocytic parasites, now PAAs face the challenge of spearheading a new generation of nanocarriers aiming at the malaria parasite stages in the mosquito vector.

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“…Unfortunately for Africa, which is already burdened by so many economic constraints, the additional annual economic burden as a consequence of the disease has been estimated to be around 12 billion US$ in direct costs. This leads to a reduced GDP growth of 1.3% [24].…”

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“…The recent appreciation that decreasing malaria prevalence requires limiting transmission through the insect has prompted a renewed search for alternative therapeutic approaches, including the direct delivery of drugs to mosquitoes. [14] Such a strategy, because it is not designed for administration to humans, will bypass clinical trials that often delay for years the deployment of a new medicine, and will significantly reduce treatment development costs.…”

Recent advancesin the development of novel drug delivery systems for the prophylaxis of malaria

“…The objective of fast field is to deliver drugs exclusively to a selected target site with minimal exposure for adjacent healthy cells or tissues for the future fight against malaria. The pharmaceutical nanotechnologyhas been identified as a potentially essential tool [2] This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and riate credit to the original author(s).…”

“…The objective of fast-developing nanomedicine field is to deliver drugs exclusively to a selected target site with minimal exposure for adjacent healthy cells or tissues for the future fight against malaria. The pharmaceutical nanotechnologyhas been al tool [2]. Recent technology of siRNA delivery relies on pharmaceutical dosage forms to route higher doses of siRNA to tumor.…”