Poly(vinyl alcohol)/SWNT Composite Film

Zhang, Xiefei; Liu, Tao; Sreekumar, T. V.; Kumar, Satish; Moore, Valerie C.; Hauge, Robert H.; Smalley, R. E.

doi:10.1021/nl034336t

Cited by 455 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…There is a limited number of studies of nanotubepolymer composites, and they generally involve high reinforcement content (1,2,(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Furthermore, many of the, studies pertain to composites reinforced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These workers did not observe any increase in crystallinity and attributed the enhancement in mechanical properties to the homogeneous distribution of fillers in the matrix. Zhang et al (13) examined composites of PVA with KOH-treated SWNTs and report that H and E increase by 78% and 110%, respectively, whereas Li et al (11) report 30% and 75% increases for the 5 wt% SWNT-epoxy composite. These workers observe that intercalation of the nanotubes is the cause for relatively poor enhancement in mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with 2 nanocarbons

Prasad

Das²,

Maitra³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

266

185

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One of the applications of nanomaterials is as reinforcements in composites, wherein small additions of nanomaterials lead to large enhancements in mechanical properties. There have been extensive studies in the literature on composites where a polymer matrix is reinforced by a single nanomaterial such as carbon nanotubes. In this article, we examine the significant synergistic effects observed when 2 different types of nanocarbons are incorporated in a polymer matrix. Thus, binary combinations of nanodiamond, fewlayer graphene, and single-walled nanotubes have been used to reinforce polyvinyl alcohol. The mechanical properties of the resulting composites, evaluated by the nanoindentation technique, show extraordinary synergy, improving the stiffness and hardness by as much as 400% compared to those obtained with single nanocarbon reinforcements. These results suggest a way of designing advanced materials with extraordinary mechanical properties by incorporating small amounts of 2 nanomaterials such as graphene plus nanodiamond or nanodiamond plus carbon nanotube.binary combinations ͉ nanoindentation technique ͉ polyvinyl alcohol ͉ synergistic effects A mong the many unique attributes of nanomaterials, especially noteworthy are their large surface to volume ratios and outstanding mechanical properties. These properties offer venues for exciting areas of research as well as for technological innovations. Thus, an important use of nanomaterials is in reinforcing polymer matrices taking advantage of the ultra-high stiffness and hardness exhibited by them. Recent research has shown that small additions (up to Ϸ1 wt%) of certain nanomaterials such as carbon nanaotubes enhance the mechanical properties markedly, sometimes by as much as 100% (1-8). Although the precise mechanism responsible for this dramatic enhancement is not entirely understood, it is generally believed that molecular level interactions between the nanomaterials and polymer matrices play a major role. The large interface area available for such interactions clearly hold the key for the dramatic enhancement in mechanical properties.Of the variety of nanomaterials synthesized and characterized in recent years, nanocarbons of different dimentionalities are of particular interest, as exemplified by nanodiamond, nanotubes and graphene with dimensionalities of 0, 1, and 2, respectively (1-3). Extensive research has been carried out on the mechanical properties of composites made of polymer matrices with 1 of the nanocarbons as the reinforcement phase (1-8). We would expect the nature of interaction of the nanocarbon constituent with the matrix to vary with the dimensionality. For example, carbon nanotubes added to a polymer can interact over the length of the polymer chain whereas a nanodiamond particle can interact only at a point, possibly at the ends of a polymer chain. While each of the nanocarbons improves the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix, we felt intuitively that incorporation of 2 nanocarbons could lead to synergistic effects in the m...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with 2 nanocarbons

Prasad

Das²,

Maitra³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

266

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the TS value of PHB-g-AA/MWNTs-OH increased with increasing MWNTs-OH content up to 1 wt.% and then decreased. The positive effect on tensile strength was attributed to the presence of immobilized or partially immobilized polymer phases [45], high aspect ratio and surface area of the carbon nanotubes, the nanoscale dispersion of MWNTsÀOH layers in the polymer matrix, and the formation of chemical bonds through the condensation reaction between PHB-g-AA and MWNTs-OH. For MWNTs-OH content above 1 wt.%, the decrease in ten- sile strength could be attributed to the inevitable aggregation of the MWNTs-OH in higher MWNTsÀOH content (see Table 2).…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Liao

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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In this study, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PHB/MWNTs) nanocomposite was prepared by means of a melt blending method. To improve the compatibility/dispersability of MWNTs within the PHB matrix, the acrylic acid grafted poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB-g-AA) and the multihydroxyl functionalized MWNTs (MWNTs-OH) were used as alternatives. Based on the results of TEM micrographs, FTIR spectra, 13 C solid-state NMR spectra, XRD patterns, and thermal and mechanical characterizations, the PHB-g-AA/MWNTs-OH blend demonstrated dramatic enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties of PHB due to the formation of ester carbonyl groups through the reaction between carboxylic acid groups of PHB-g-AA and hydroxyl groups of MWNTs-OH. For example, with an addition of 1 wt.% MWNTs-OH, the increases in the initial decomposition temperature and the tensile strength at break were 75°C and 15.1 MPa, respectively. Finally, the optimal amount of MWNTs-OH was 1 wt.% because excess MWNTs-OH caused separation of the organic and inorganic phases and reduced their compatibility.

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“…Numerous composites fibers reinforced by SWCNTs, such as poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) [3], polyacrylonitrile [4,5], polyethylene [6], polypropylene [7] and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [8,9] have been reported for improvement of the mechanical properties. While the introduction of SWCNTs enhances the tensile strength of the matrix fiber, exfoliation and orientation of SWCNTs in polymer matrices remain a challenge for achieving high tensile strength in SWCNT-reinforced fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of high strength PVA/SWCNT composite fibers by gel spinning

Uddin

Aoki

et al. 2010

Carbon

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High-strength composite fibers were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Degree of polymerization: 1500) reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) containing few defects. The SWCNTs were dispersed in a 10 wt.% PVA/dimethylsulfoxide solution using a mechanical homogenizer that reduced the size of SWCNT aggregations to smaller bundles. The macroscopically homogeneous dispersion was extruded into cold methanol to form fibers by gel spinning followed by a hot-drawing. The tensile strength of the well-oriented composite fibers with 0.3 wt.% SWCNTs was 2.2 GPa which is extremely high value among PVA composite fibers ever reported using a commercial grade PVA. The strength of neat PVA fibers prepared by the same procedure was 1.7 GPa. Structural analysis showed that the PVA component in the composite fibers possessed almost the same structure as that of neat PVA fibers.Hence a small amount of SWCNTs straightforward enhanced by 0.5 GPa the tensile strength of PVA fibers. The results of mechanical properties and Raman spectra for the SWCNT composites suggest the relatively good interfacial adhesion of the nanotubes and PVA that improves the load transfer from the polymer matrix to the reinforcing phase.-3 -

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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/SWNT Composite Film

Cited by 455 publications

References 23 publications

Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with 2 nanocarbons

Extraordinary synergy in the mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with 2 nanocarbons

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Fabrication of high strength PVA/SWCNT composite fibers by gel spinning

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