Poly(iohexol) Nanoparticles As Contrast Agents for in Vivo X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging

Abstract

Biocompatible poly(iohexol) nanoparticles, prepared through cross-linking of iohexol and hexamethylene diisocyanate followed by co-precipitation of the resulting cross-linked polymer with mPEG-polylactide, were utilized as contrast agents for in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging. Compared to conventional small-molecule contrast agents, poly(iohexol) nanoparticles exhibited substantially protracted retention within the tumor bed and a 36-fold increase in CT contrast 4 h post injection, which makes it possible to acquire CT images with improved diagnosis accuracy over a broad time frame without multiple administrations.

Oxime functionalization strategy for iodinated poly(epsilon-caprolactone) X-ray opaque materials

“…Various polymeric structures and architectures such as dendrimers, linear, block, graft, and hyperbranched polymers are also being investigated. These materials can differ in the placement of the radiolabels, with some having the contrast within main chain/backbone of the polymer, at the chain end, or as a side group on the monomer or grafted unit. However, there are limited reports of fully biocompatible and biodegradable materials with sufficient X‐ray opacity to meet the clinical need of the imaging community .…”

Opportunities for new CT contrast agents to maximize the diagnostic potential of emerging spectral CT technologies

“…These include polymeric constructs[100, 123] (including dendrimers[124]), emulsions[125, 126], micelles[127], liposomes[122] and nanoparticles[128–130] One variant employs a liposomal iodinated agent for high-resolution imaging with a blood pool contrast agent[131]. A coated version of polymeric iohexol has also been employed to exploit the longer retention in the body[129]. The biodistribution of iodinated agents is sensitive to specific chemical constructs; iodinated monoglycerides exhibited significant uptake in the liver (17% of dose) at 24 h, followed by a decline; whereas iodinated vitamin E climbed to almost 80% in the liver with very slow elimination kinetics[126].…”

The design and application of nanoparticulate CT contrast agents

“…2006年, Hainfeld等 [28] 图 2 Poly(iohexol)纳米粒子的合成示意图 [9] (网络版彩图) 图 7 BaYbF 5 @SiO 2 @PEG二元造影体系用于CT动物模型 (兔子)血池造影 [43] . (a, c) 二维平面CT图像; (b, d) 相应的计算 机重建后的三维立体图像(箭头所指1: 耳朵静脉血管; 2: 颈 静脉血管; 3: 颈动脉血管; 4: 锁骨下动脉血管; 5: 腋生静脉血 管; 6: 主动脉弓; 7: 下腔静脉血管; 8: 主动脉) (网络版彩图) Figure 7 In vivo blood pool CT imaging of a rabbit collected after intravenous injection of BaYbF 5 @SiO 2 @PEG solution [43].…”