Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):dextran sulfate (PEDOT:DS) – A highly processable conductive organic biopolymer

Abstract

A novel water-dispersible conducting polymer analogous to poly(3,4-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been chemically synthesized in a single reaction in high yield. PEDOT:DS, a new member of the polythiophene family, is composed of a complex between PEDOT and the sulfonated polysaccharide polyanion dextran sulfate. Drop-cast films of aqueous suspensions of the material display a native conductivity of up to 7 ± 1 S cm -1 , increasing to 20 ± 2 S cm -1 after treatment with ethylene glycol and thermal annealing. Mass ratios of the precursors NaDS and EDOT were varied from 5:1 to 2:1 and a decrease in the NaDS:EDOT ratio produces tougher, less hygroscopic films of higher conductivity. Ultraviolet-visible spectroelectrochemistry yields spectra typical of PEDOT complexes. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that PEDOT:DS is electrochemically active from -1.0 to 0.8V vs. Ag/Ag + in acetonitrile, with similar characteristics to PEDOT:PSS. Water dispersions of PEDOT:DS are successfully processed by drop casting, spray coating, inkjet printing and extrusion printing. Furthermore, laser etching of dried films allows the creation of patterns with excellent definition. To assess the cytotoxicity of PEDOT:DS, L-929 cells were cultured with a polymer complex concentration range of 0.002 to 0.2 g l -1 in cell culture medium. No significant difference is found between the proliferation rates of L-929 cells exposed to PEDOT:DS and those in plain medium after 96h. However, PEDOT:PSS shows around 25% less cell growth after 4days, even at the lowest concentration. Taken together, these results suggest PEDOT:DS has exceptional potential as an electromaterial for the biointerface. Corresponding author:Professor Gordon G Wallace However, PEDOT:PSS shows around 25% less cell growth after 4 days, even at the lowest concentration. Taken together, these results suggest PEDOT:DS has exceptional potential as a electromaterial for the biointerface.

Balancing Charge Storage and Mobility in an Oligo(Ether) Functionalized Dioxythiophene Copolymer for Organic‐ and Aqueous‐ Based Electrochemical Devices and Transistors

“…Arrows indicate the direction of the sweep. C) Volumetric capacitance vs mobility for p‐type OECT materials, showing the performance of this material (red star) relative to the state‐of‐the‐art materials, including OE‐functionalized polythiophenes/thienothiophenes (p(2T‐T/TT, yellow triangles), PEDOT‐based systems (PEDOT, blue circles), an OE‐functionalized BTD derivative (p(g2T‐BTD), green diamond), and a thiophene‐based polyelectrolyte (PTSH, magenta square). All literature values for μ and C * were adapted from Inal et al…”

Conductive gelatin methacrylate-poly(aniline) hydrogel for cell encapsulation

“…[4,5] However, the electrically nonconductive nature of hydrogels impedes its use for excitable cells such as neural, skeletal and cardiac muscle, and bone cells. [6,7] To extend the utility of hydrogels, conducting 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 3 elements like metallic nanoparticles [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and inherently conductive polymers (IHPs) [6,[15][16][17][18][19] have been incorporated within hydrogel matrices in order to add conductive properties to the 3D microenvironments.…”

A PSS‐Free PEDOT Conductive Film Supported by a Hierarchical Nanoporous Layer Glass

“…Among the conductive polymers, a composite of polyethylene dioxythiophene and polyethylene sulfonic acid (PEDOT/PSS) is widely researched because of its high electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability . PEDOT/PSS conductive film is obtained by coating its colloidal dispersion, then drying a substrate, where PSS wraps PEDOT particle to form a core–shell structure .…”

“…PEDOT/PSS conductive film is obtained by coating its colloidal dispersion, then drying a substrate, where PSS wraps PEDOT particle to form a core–shell structure . Such a system is promising from the viewpoint of flexibility and freedom from rare metals, that promotes various researches and developments like conductivity improvement, substitution of PSS with biocompatible polymers, and application to a variety of devices . There are various commercially available PEDOT/PSS dispersions which form a film typically with its conductivity of 10 −5 –10 2 S cm −1 .…”