Pollution, habitat loss, fishing, and climate change as critical threats to penguins

Trathan, Phil; Borboroglu, Pablo García; Boersma, Dee; Bost, Charles‐André; Crawford, Robert J. M.; Crossin, Glenn T.; Cuthbert, Richard; Dann, Peter; Davis, Lloyd S.; Puente, Santiago de la; Ellenberg, Ursula; Lynch, Heather J.; Mattern, Thomas; Pütz, Klemens; Seddon, Philip J.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.; Wienecke, Bárbara

doi:10.1111/cobi.12349

Cited by 185 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…For example, tracking data has revealed that blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) have limited ability to avoid collisions with ships [63] and that small shifts in traffic routes could reduce the risk of ship-strike [64]. The description of movement patterns in situations and at times when marine megafauna are exposed to potential threats from anthropogenic activities must be a key goal for research that seeks to optimise strategies for the management, conservation and resilience of this fauna [48,65].…”

Section: How Do Anthropogenic Activities (Eg Shipping Fishing Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology

Hays

Ferreira

Sequeira

et al. 2016

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

394

389

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Section: How Do Anthropogenic Activities (Eg Shipping Fishing Watmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Questions in Marine Megafauna Movement Ecology

Hays

Ferreira

Sequeira

et al. 2016

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

394

389

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“…SRP are currently classified as Vulnerable to extinction (BirdLife International 2017) due to substantial population declines in recent decades over its entire range. These have been linked to several factors such as habitat degradation, chemical pollution, and algal blooms, among others (see review in Pütz et al 2013;Trathan et al 2014). In the Southwest Atlantic, there are two main assemblages: Staten Island (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands

Pütz¹,

Harris

Ratcliffe

et al. 2018

Polar Biol

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Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/ Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.

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“…However, given limited available conservation resources, some comparison gives context and aids prioritisation. Climate change is likely to affect all of these species, albeit in different ways (García-Borboroglu & Boersma 2013, Trathan et al 2015, Mattern et al 2017. In order to improve resilience of penguin populations in the face of climate change, other threats need to be substantially reduced, and incidental mortality in fishing gear is one threat that can be addressed immediately.…”

Section: Importance Of Bycatch Compared To Other Threats For the Mostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…comm.). AlfaroShigueto et al (2010) noted that mortality of Humboldt penguins could be exacerbated by the retention of incidentally captured penguins for human consumption, and Trathan et al (2015) mentioned egg collection as a threat. As this review has documented, Humboldt penguins are bycaught in gillnets (Majluf et al 2002, Pro Delphinus unpubl.…”

Section: Importance Of Bycatch Compared To Other Threats For the Mostmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous ter-development, as well as pollution and fisheries, both indirectly through overfishing of prey species and benthic habitat degradation from dredging or bottom trawls, and directly through bycatch in fishing gear (García-Borboroglu & Boersma 2013). The potential impacts of climate change, both at sea and on land, are threatening breeding habitats and prey availability and are increasing the risk of disease (Trathan et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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