Polityczna rola diaspory na przykładzie krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej i obszaru postsowieckiego

Abstract

Political impact of diasporas. The case of Central and Eastern European and post-Soviet countries
 Most of the Central and Eastern European and post-soviet countries have a longlasting tradition of emigration and possess large diasporas, often dispersed all over the world. Due to their volume and socio-economic position diasporas become on the one hand independent entities in international relations, on the other – influential actors on the political scene in the country of origin and targets of state’s policy. This article aims to analyze the political impact of diasporas on the relations with country of origin as well as on international politics. The case studies are countries of Central and Eastern Europe and post-soviet region. The article consists of four parts. The first is devoted to the conceptual considerations around the definition of diaspora and its role as subject and object of politics. The next two parts analyse the place of diasporas as actors in international relations and in the internal politics of the countries of origin. In the last section the diaspora politics are discussed, illustrated by selected examples of countries of the region.

Widely Open Closed Doors. Contemporary Repatriation Policy in Poland

“…Repatriates often constitute the most privileged group of immigrants (Hess 2010: 26, de Tinguy 2003. The criteria for acquiring the status of repatriate and being eligible for the benefits are ethno-cultural: the possession of ancestors of a particular ethnicity ("blood ties") and sometimes cultural affiliation (Lesińska 2016: 94, Heleniak 2013..…”

“…Throughout the 1990s, as well as into the next decade, the public and political debates on changes to citizenship and nationality legislation occurred mostly in the context of emigration (with a special focus on Eastern kin minorities), while immigration issues did not attract as much attention (Górny, Pudzianowska 2013: 4, Górny et al 2003. The subsequent governments' initiatives regarding ethnic Poles living abroad did not arouse much controversy (Lesińska 2016) and resulted in the introduction of three types of legislation regarding citizenship and nationality. The Act on Repatriation was passed in 2000; the Act on the Polish Chart -which is a type of status law, giving special entitlements to people of Polish descent without granting them full citizenship rights -was introduced in 2007.…”