Poliomyelitis Virus from Flies.

The Detection of Poliomyelitis Virus in Flies Collected During Epidemics of Poliomyelitis

“…The latter is now recommended by the Bureau of Insect Identification, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and will be followed in this and subsequent publications from this laboratory. laboratories (13,11), particularly by the work of Sabin and Ward (13),whose approach to this subject, and whose methods, have been quite similar to ours. In their recent series of tests (19), a higher percentage of positive tests were obtained than are recorded in this paper, in that 8 out of their 15 samples of flies, collected during 1941 outbreaks of poliomyelitis in Atlanta and Cleveland, yielded the virus.…”

“…Toomey and associates (11) state that prior to the first positive result from their laboratory in 1941, 20 experiments were carried out on house flies (during the previous 10 years). All of their tests were likewise negative.…”

“…It is not remarkable therefore that, through the use of various improved methods, three laboratories (12,13,11) reported, within the short space of a few weeks, the detection of virus in samples of flies collected in epidemic areas during the summer and fall of 1941.…”

Fly-Abatement Studies in Urban Poliomyelitis Epidemics during 1945

“…Rain fell intermittently for 5 days after the spraying, as follows: August 28, 0.25 inch; August 29, 0.65 inch; August 31, 1.70 inches; September 1, 0.33 inch. It was not practical to move equipment from New Jersey, even though it was felt the latter equipment was better suited for this Total Cases in sprayed Control area in cases in wards, 4,7,9 City Week of-Winnebago Actual Rate per Actual Rate per County number 100,000 number 100,000 As shown in tables 5 and 6, there was no recognizable effect of the (8), (9).…”

Blood-Sucking Vectors of Encephalitis: Experimental Transmission of St. Louis Encephalitis (Hubbard Strain) to White Swiss Mice by the American Dog Tick, Dermacentor Variabilis Say

“…Similarly a number of species of Ixodes have been implicated in Russian encephalitis (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25); two genera of mosquitoes in Japanese B (26,27); the wood tick, the bed bug, and possibly a mosquito in lymphocytic choriomeningitis (28,29). House and stable flies studied in connection with the epidemiology of poliomyelitis have given positive results (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Recent work by Hammon, Howitt, and their associates has shown the natural occurrence of the virus of St. Louis encephalitis in the mosquito, Culex tarsalis, as well as the presence of type specific antibodies in the blood of numerous species of mammals and birds.…”