Policy Implementation Science to Advance Population Health: The Potential for Learning Health Policy Systems

Oh, April; Abazeed, Ali; Chambers, David A.

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.681602

Cited by 36 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The recent calls from the National Institutes of Health, and the NCI in particular, provide important opportunities to provide information on innovative and provoking ideas to promote health equity and address inequities and promote a diverse biomedical workforce [ 104 , 105 ]. Emerging cross-disciplinary conversations among implementation, policy scientists, and economists showcase the added value of and the promising strategies to promote equity while advancing the science of implementation [ 49 ]. Researchers will also need to seek out opportunities to engage communities across a range of social and structural dimensions (i.e., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, and geographic location (e.g., rural, urban)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control

Adsul

Chambers

Brandt

et al. 2022

Implement Sci Commun

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Background The past decade of research has seen theoretical and methodological advances in both implementation science and health equity research, opening a window of opportunity for facilitating and accelerating cross-disciplinary exchanges across these fields that have largely operated in siloes. In 2019 and 2020, the National Cancer Institute’s Consortium for Cancer Implementation Science convened an action group focused on ‘health equity and context’ to identify opportunities to advance implementation science. In this paper, we present a narrative review and synthesis of the relevant literature at the intersection of health equity and implementation science, highlight identified opportunities (i.e., public goods) by the action group for advancing implementation science in cancer prevention and control, and integrate the two by providing key recommendations for future directions. Discussion In the review and synthesis of the literature, we highlight recent advances in implementation science, relevant to promoting health equity (e.g., theories/models/frameworks, adaptations, implementation strategies, study designs, implementation determinants, and outcomes). We acknowledge the contributions from the broader field of health equity research and discuss opportunities for integration and synergy with implementation science, which include (1) articulating an explicit focus on health equity for conducting and reviewing implementation science; (2) promoting an explicit focus on health equity in the theories, models, and frameworks guiding implementation science; and (3) identifying methods for understanding and documenting influences on the context of implementation that incorporate a focus on equity. Summary To advance the science of implementation with a focus on health equity, we reflect on the essential groundwork needed to promote bi-directional learning between the fields of implementation science and health equity research and recommend (1) building capacity among researchers and research institutions for health equity-focused and community-engaged implementation science; (2) incorporating health equity considerations across all key implementation focus areas (e.g., adaptations, implementation strategies, study design, determinants, and outcomes); and (3) continuing a focus on transdisciplinary opportunities in health equity research and implementation science. We believe that these recommendations can help advance implementation science by incorporating an explicit focus on health equity in the context of cancer prevention and control and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control

Adsul

Chambers

Brandt

et al. 2022

Implement Sci Commun

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“…Learning health systems have also been recommended to improve policy implementation in the field of disease prevention 35 . Doing so in this country would further support story telling about change processes from actors and voices on the frontline.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A call to action: More collaborative implementation research is needed to prevent chronic disease

Wolfenden

Hawe

Rychetnik

et al. 2022

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…In this case, actors' motivation can only emanate from the highly organized and conducive nature of the work environment which sometimes are not enough in translating the intentions of policymakers into desired policy outcomes. In health care policy implementation for instance, Oh et al, (2021) have shown that the potential impact of a policy to advance health equity does not only depend on its design and implementation, but also on continuing evaluation and stakeholders' engagement. In other words, this insinuates that the process through which a policy is implemented determines how successfully each stage can deliver effective services.…”

Section: The Rational Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deductive Models of Policy Implementation and their Impact on Policy Outcome: A Critical Assessment

Diori

2021

Adv. J Social Sci.

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Deductive models of policy implementation emerged as a response to the inability of inductive approaches to provide nuanced theories of policy implementation and performance. They are said to be parsimonious and precise in studying complex social interactions. Hence, over the last decade or so, there has been ascending interest in the use of deductive approaches to get deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which policy implementation is more likely to succeed. However, giving the fact that numerous programs and policies continue to fail despite being replicated from the best deductive models, one is entitled to wonder: what is the true value of these models? And how effective are they in translating the intentions of policymakers into desired policy outcomes? The present contribution seeks to provide answers to these questions by first, discussing some hands-on deductive models of policy implementation and second, analyzing the potential of each model, their strengths, their weaknesses, and appropriate contexts for use. To reach these aims, the study utilized the Contextual Interaction Theory (CIT) to gauge the assumptions of each of the following models: the Rational, Management, Organizational Development, Political, and Bureaucratic Process. The results have shown that, although deductive models of policy implementation (or at least, the models here-in discussed) seem to offer tangible promises to deliver more accurate and nuanced explanations of policy action, they fall short to combine the three criteria of Motivation, Information, and Power, necessary for any candidate model of policy implementation to be deemed effective. The results have also shown that an integrated model, one that combines the strengths of all the above cited models, but none of their weaknesses, could be a credible offer of a successful theory of policy implementation.

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Policy Implementation Science to Advance Population Health: The Potential for Learning Health Policy Systems

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control

Grounding implementation science in health equity for cancer prevention and control

A call to action: More collaborative implementation research is needed to prevent chronic disease

Deductive Models of Policy Implementation and their Impact on Policy Outcome: A Critical Assessment

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