Polar cod (<i>Boreogadus saida</i>) and capelin (<i>Mallotus villosus</i>) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic and the Barents Sea

Hop, Haakon; Gjøsæter, Harald

doi:10.1080/17451000.2013.775458

Cited by 265 publications

(206 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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Section: Transport Of Sea Ice In the Arctic And Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of sea-ice biota within the Arctic is determined by the characteristics of the sea ice itself: structure, thickness and age, as well as by seasonal cycles of melting and accretion at the underside of ice floes. Wind and surface currents transport sea ice and associated biota around, and eventually out of, the Arctic (Hop and Pavlova, 2008). The main regional differences in the species composition of the sea-ice fauna are found in fast ice, which also tends to contain more species with partly benthic life cycles (e.g., Pike and Welch, 1990;Melnikov, 1997;Weslawski and Legezynska, 2002).…”

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1990s, winds associated with a prevailing positive Arctic Oscillation drove a high proportion of young, thin ice from the eastern Arctic towards Fram Strait (Rigor et al, 2002), which resulted in a relatively low export of amphipod biomass between 1998 and 2002 (Arndt and Pavlova, 2005). During the past decade, the abundance and biomass of iceassociated amphipods, particularly Gammarus wilkitzkii, have declined (Hop and Pavlova, 2008;Barber et al, 2015).…”

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of the biomass (wet weight) of sympagic amphipods transported out of the Arctic range between 478 and 3800 Â 10 3 -tons y À1 for export to the Greenland Sea and between 150 and 194 Â 10 3 tons y À1 to the Barents Sea (Arndt and Lønne, 2002;Hop et al, 2006;Wassmann et al, 2006;Hop and Pavlova, 2008). The biomass transported depends not only on the ice flux, but also on the type and origin of the ice.…”

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3), with the largest seasonal transport during the winter (Hop and Pavlova, 2008). The annual ice transport south through Fram Strait (areal transport 706 km 2 y À1 , volume transport 2200 km 3 y À1 ; Kwok, 2009) is approximately three times the areal transport into the Barents Sea from the Arctic (Hop and Pavlova, 2008). Comparatively little ice (100-140 km 3 y À1 ) is transported through Bering Strait on an annual basis; it largely forms in the Bering Sea and is advected into the Arctic Babb et al, 2013).…”

Section: Transport Of Sea Ice In the Arctic And Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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Section: Transport Of Sea Ice In the Arctic And Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advection Of Sea-ice Biota In the Arctic And Its Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transport Of Sea Ice In the Arctic And Antarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Hunt

Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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Lagrangian Modeling of Arctic Ocean Circulation Pathways: Impact of Advection on Spread of Pollutants

et al. 2018

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Sea‐ice‐free summers are projected to become a prominent feature of the Arctic environment in the coming decades. From a shipping perspective, this means larger areas of open water in the summer, thinner and less compact ice all year round, and longer operating seasons. Therefore, the possibility for easier navigation along trans‐Arctic shipping routes arises. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) is one trans‐Arctic route, and it offers a potential 10 day shortcut between Western Europe and the Far East. More ships transiting the NSR means an increased risk of an accident, and associated oil spill, occurring. Previous research suggests that current infrastructure is insufficient for increased shipping. Therefore, should an oil spill occur, the window for a successful clean‐up will be short. In the event of a failed recovery, the long‐term fate of the unrecovered pollutants must be considered, at least until the next melt season when it could become accessible again. Here we investigate the role of oceanic advection in determining the long‐term fate of Arctic pollutants using a high‐resolution ocean model along with Lagrangian particle‐tracking to simulate the spread of pollutants. The resulting “advective footprints” of pollutants are proposed as an informative metric for analyzing such experiments. We characterize the circulation along different parts of the NSR, defining three main regions in the Eurasian Arctic, and relate the distinctive circulation pathways of each to the long‐term fate of spilled oil. We conclude that a detailed understanding of ocean circulation is critical for determining the long‐term fate of Arctic pollutants.

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Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers

Bluhm

Swadling

Gradinger

2016

Sea Ice

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Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) and capelin (Mallotus villosus) as key species in marine food webs of the Arctic and the Barents Sea

Cited by 265 publications

References 97 publications

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

Lagrangian Modeling of Arctic Ocean Circulation Pathways: Impact of Advection on Spread of Pollutants

Sea ice as a habitat for macrograzers

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