Pneumonia in Horses Induced by Intrapulmonary Inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus

Yoshikawa, Haruhisa; Yasu, Tomiyasu; Ueki, Hideaki; Oyamada, Toshifumi; Oishi, Hideo; Anzai, Toru; Oikawa, Masa-aki; Yoshikawa, Takashi

doi:10.1292/jvms.65.787

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…28 Horses inoculated experimentally with S. zooepidemicus via an endoscope into the second branch of the principal right and left bronchi developed a heavy influx of neutrophils and macrophages as early as 2 h post-inoculation, formation of caseous necrotic foci 17 h post-inoculation, and the presence of extensive areas of necrosis and abscesses, plus fibrosis and purulent pleuritis 2 wk after the inoculation. 36 Most S. zooepidemicus cases in our study were chronic and likely did not respond to antimicrobial therapy.…”

Section: Discussion and Review Of The Literaturementioning

confidence: 76%

Retrospective study of fatal pneumonia in racehorses

et al. 2017

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Respiratory diseases have a major impact on racehorses in training and are often cited as the second most common reason of horses failing to perform. Cases were submitted by the California Horse Racing Board to the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory for postmortem examination between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2014. We determined the demographics of racehorses with fatal pneumonia, characterized the pathologic findings in animals with a postmortem diagnosis of respiratory infection, and determined the most significant pathogens associated with lower respiratory tract disease. We analyzed autopsy reports from 83 horses with a diagnosis of pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and/or pleuropneumonia. The most common presentation was pleuropneumonia (71% of cases), with extensive areas of lytic necrosis and abscesses of the pulmonary parenchyma. Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus, a normal mucosal commensal of the upper respiratory tract of healthy horses, was the most commonly isolated organism (72% of cases), either in pure culture or accompanied by other aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. Its presence in the pulmonary parenchyma is associated with severe and extensive damage to the lung. Furthermore, this agent has zoonotic potential, which stresses the importance of early detection and proper management of cases of pneumonia in racehorses.

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Section: Discussion and Review Of The Literaturementioning

confidence: 76%

Retrospective study of fatal pneumonia in racehorses

et al. 2017

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“…Experimental infection study: Nine thoroughbreds were experimentally infected with 1 × 10 9 CFU of an overnight culture of S. zooepidemicus by endoscopic injection to a lung lobe [19]. The 9 thoroughbreds were observed for clinical signs, and blood samples were collected before inoculation and on the 1-15th, 22nd, and 29th day after inoculation (follow-up group).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Serum Amyloid A and Surfactant Protein D in Sera for Identification of the Clinical Condition of Horses with Bacterial Pneumonia

Hobo

Niwa

Anzai

2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. In the present study, the concentrations of serum amyloid A and surfactant protein D in sera were measured to evaluate them for identification of the clinical condition of horses with bacterial pneumonia. The study utilized 185 clinically healthy control thoroughbreds and 9 thoroughbreds for experimental infectious study with S. zooepidemicus. Blood samples were collected from the 185 healthy control thoroughbreds. The 9 thoroughbreds were experimentally infected S. zooepidemicus using an endoscopic injection to a lung lobe and were then observed of clinical conditions. Blood samples were collected before inoculation and on the 1-15th, 22nd, and 29th days after inoculation (follow-up group). The levels of SAA and SP-D in the healthy control thoroughbreds were very low. In the follow-up group, the levels of SAA and SP-D changed in parallel with the horses' clinical condition. The pyrexia observed after bacterial inoculation faded by the 11th day, and the changes in SAA and SP-D occurred simultaneous to disappearance of the clinical signs. Measurement of SAA and SP-D proved useful for monitoring the clinical condition of the horses with bacterial pneumonia. Changes in the SP-D value were preceded by changes in the SAA value. Since the changes in SP-D occurred approximately simultaneous to the changes in the horses' clinical signs, we believe that they reflect the condition of the alveolar membranes. We conclude that measurement of SAA and SP-D in sera is useful for identification of the clinical condition of horses with bacterial pneumonia. KEY WORDS: bacterial pneumonia, clinical condition, equine, serum amyloid A, surfactant protein D.

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“…The source of human infection was often traced back to contact with domestic animals, especially horses, or ingestion of unpasteurized milk or milk products [10,21]. S. zooepidemicus is a bacterium the most frequently isolated from cases of equine pneumonia and pleuropneumonia [33] and has generally been regarded as the most important secondary pathogen of the respiratory tract of horses following primary viral infection [3] and it is associated in uterine infections in mares. Streptococcal infection of the uterus has long been recognized as a leading cause of infertility in horses [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%