PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Health Risks

Krittanawong, Chayakrit; Qadeer, Yusuf Kamran; Hayes, Richard B.; Wang, Zhen; Virani, Salim S.; Thurston, George D.; Lavie, Carl J.

doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101670

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…PM2.5, as an essential component of air quality detection, also has a tremendous negative impact on human health and life expectancy 2 , 3 . It is estimated that PM2.5 causes millions of deaths annually and poses a significant threat to public health 4 – 8 . This particulate matter can infiltrate deep into the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs, thereby precipitating respiratory ailments such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchitis 9 .…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

Cui,

Jia,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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Since 2006, the rapid development of China’s aviation industry has been accompanied by a significant increase in one of its emissions, namely, PM2.5, which poses a substantial threat to human health. However, little data is describing the PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft activities. This study addresses this gap by initially computing the monthly PM2.5 emissions of the landing-take-off (LTO) stage from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023 for 175 Chinese airports, employing the modified BFFM2-FOA-FPM method. Subsequently, the study uses the Gaussian diffusion model to measure the 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration resulting from flight activities at each airport. This study mainly draws the following conclusions: Between 2006 and 2023, the highest recorded PM2.5 concentration data at all airports was observed in 2018, reaching 5.7985 micrograms per cubic meter, while the lowest point was recorded in 2022, at 2.0574 micrograms per cubic meter. Moreover, airports with higher emissions are predominantly located in densely populated and economically vibrant regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, and Shenzhen.

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Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

Cui,

Jia,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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“…Research has shown that lifestyle factors such as physical activity, weight loss, smoking, diet, and stress 1 and environmental factors, such as greenness, temperature, and air pollution 2 , play a critical role in developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particulate matter in the atmosphere with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) has been conclusively linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases 3 , particularly Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) 4 . ASCVD encompasses two primary conditions: ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (predominantly ischemic stroke), which are the top and third leading causes of death globally 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM_2.5components mixture and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality: a national analysis of Medicare enrollees

Ma,

Knobel,

Hadley

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is adversely linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, most studies focused on PM2.5 mass rather than its chemical composition. PM2.5's individual chemical components can have distinct, cumulative, and potentially synergistic health impacts. We investigated the associations of PM2.5's composition and sources with ASCVD mortality, considering the combined associations and regional variations in the US. We used data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, (65,838,403 person-years) from 2000 to 2016. We estimated PM2.5 exposure using machine-learning models and attributed components to five source categories. We used Poisson survival models to assess the associations with the source categories. Higher ASCVD mortality risk (RR [95% CI] per interquartile range increase) was associated with oil combustion (1.050[1.049;1.051]), industrial (1.054[1.052;1.056]), coal/biomass burning (1.064[1.062;1.067]), and traffic sources (1.044[1.042;1.046]). Comparing source-specific effects within each region, oil combustion effects were more pronounced in the East and Midwest, and coal/biomass burning effects were more pronounced in the West and Southwest. In conclusion, we found higher ASCVD mortality risk associated with PM2.5, with differential effects across sources and US regions. These associations persisted even after limiting our sample to ZIP code-years with PM2.5 <9 μg/m3 - the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This highlights the importance of consideration of local population characteristics and exposure patterns when assessing health risks associated with PM2.5.

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“…Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a common air pollutant with a complex composition that easily adsorbs toxic substances, posing a threat to the cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous and reproductive systems [1][2][3]. PM 2.5 particles can traverse the air-blood barrier, and once they enter the circulation, their detrimental effects extend far beyond the lungs, reaching various organs, such as the liver, throughout the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Resveratrol on Cytotoxicity of Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by PM2.5

Zhang,

Chen,

Bai

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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The atmosphere’s fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can enter the liver through the circulatory system, leading to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. As a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (RES) has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects, but the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis induced by PM2.5 exposure are still limited. In this study, we established an in vitro cell model to investigate the intervention effect of RES with different concentrations (5 and 20 μmol/mL) on mouse hepatic stellate cells (mHSCs) injury induced by PM2.5 (100 μg/mL). We determined the cell viability in mHSCs after treatment with PM2.5 or/and RES for 24 h. We investigated the intracellular oxidative stress by detecting the changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. We also measured the protein expressions of fibrosis-related genes (α-SMA, Collagen I and Collagen III) and key genes (SIRT1, NF-κB, NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase1, IL-1β) in the NLRP3 pathway in mHSCs exposed to PM2.5 with or without RES. The results showed that (1) PM2.5 has cytotoxic effects on mHSCs, whereas RES (5 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) inhibited PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and LDH leakage; (2) RES effectively reduces ROS and MDA production caused by PM2.5 while concurrently enhancing SOD levels, thereby improving cellular anti-oxidant capacity; (3) the expression of α-SMA, Collagen I and Collagen III were notably downregulated in the PM2.5 plus RES treatment group compared to the PM2.5-exposed group; (4) RES significantly increased SIRT1 expression and decreased the expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, Cleaved-Caspase1 and IL-1β in mHSCs exposure to PM2.5 compared to the PM2.5 group. These results demonstrate that RES can up-regulate SIRT1 and mitigate PM2.5-induced fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress in mHSCs and the SIRT1/NF–κB/NLRP3 pathway activated by PM2.5.

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PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Health Risks

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

PM_2.5components mixture and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality: a national analysis of Medicare enrollees

Protective Effects of Resveratrol on Cytotoxicity of Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by PM2.5

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PM2.5 and Cardiovascular Health Risks

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

24-hour average PM2.5 concentration caused by aircraft in Chinese airports from Jan. 2006 to Dec. 2023

PM2.5components mixture and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality: a national analysis of Medicare enrollees

Protective Effects of Resveratrol on Cytotoxicity of Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by PM2.5

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PM_2.5components mixture and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality: a national analysis of Medicare enrollees