Pluripotent Stem Cells in Bone Marrow and Cord Blood

Shaikh, Ambreen; Bhartiya, Deepa

doi:10.5772/48133

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…To conclude, we propose that MSCs indeed arise from VSELs [53] in agreement with earlier reports by Taichman et al [43] and are multipotent implying that they can give rise to various mesodermal cell types. Their pluripotent properties implying transdifferentiation are questionable and whatever minimal transdifferentiation that is reported may actually be due to the existing subpopulation of VSELs.…”

Section: Pluripotent Stem Cells In Adult Body Tissuessupporting

confidence: 92%

Are Mesenchymal Cells Indeed Pluripotent Stem Cells or Just Stromal Cells? OCT-4 and VSELs Biology Has Led to Better Understanding

Bhartiya

2013

Stem Cells International

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Stem cells have excited researchers because of their potential to regenerate. However, which stem cells will be the best candidate for regenerative medicine remains an enigma. Compared to pluripotent stem cells with associated risks of immune rejection and teratoma formation, adult stem cells especially the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are hyped to be a suitable alternate since they also exhibit pluripotent properties. This review shows that there is a subpopulation of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) among MSCs culture. The two populations differ from each other in expression pattern of OCT-4. VSELs exhibit nuclear OCT-4A, whereas the MSCs have cytoplasmic OCT-4B, similar to our earlier findings in testis and ovary. Pluripotent VSELs with nuclear OCT-4A exist in various adult body organs, and the immediate progenitors express cytoplasmic OCT-4B which is eventually lost as the cell differentiates further. To conclude it is essential to discriminate between nuclear and cytoplasmic OCT-4 expression and also to acknowledge the presence of VSELs.

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Section: Pluripotent Stem Cells In Adult Body Tissuessupporting

confidence: 92%

Are Mesenchymal Cells Indeed Pluripotent Stem Cells or Just Stromal Cells? OCT-4 and VSELs Biology Has Led to Better Understanding

Bhartiya

2013

Stem Cells International

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“…It is also interesting to point out here that OCT-4 is one of the sensitive markers increasingly being used for diagnosis of carcinoma in situ in germ cell tumors [25,26]. Several groups have suggested that [27,28], these VSELs may be the similar to the MAPCs described by Verfaillie's group [29]. Many groups have reported successful derivation of ES-like colonies from testicular tissue culture in mice [30] as well as in humans [31,32] and proposed the origin of the colonies to be dedifferentiation of SSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Survive and Restore Spermatogenesis after Busulphan Treatment in Mouse Testis

An¹,

Bhartiya²,

Sriraman³

et al. 2014

J Stem Cell Res Ther

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Study Objectives: Adult mammalian testes harbor a novel population of quiescent, pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) along with spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Present study was undertaken to (i) characterize testicular VSELs (ii) investigate differential effect of chemotherapy on VSELs and SSCs and (iii) to restore the differentiation ability of surviving VSELs by providing healthy somatic microenvironment.Methods: Effect of busulphan (25 mg/Kg) was studied on mouse testes. Syngenic Sertoli cells (10 5 cells per testis) and bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells (10 4 cells per testis) were transplanted separately through intertubular route. Effect of niche reconstruction was studied two months later by histology and immuno-localization of germ cell markers MVH and PCNA. Caudal sperm were evaluated for their ability to fertilize oocytes in vitro.Results: VSELs were 2-6 µm in size, SCA-1 + /CD45 -/LIN -, had high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and comprised 0.03% of testicular cells whereas SSC specific marker GFRa localized on a distinct, larger cell population. Busulphan selectively destroyed SSCs and other germ cells however, nuclear OCT-4A, Nanog, Sox-2 and SCA-1 positive VSELs (0.06%) survived. Persisting VSELs were unable to differentiate possibly because chemotherapy also affected the 'niche' comprising Sertoli cells. Complete restoration of spermatogenesis was observed two months post transplantation of Sertoli and mesenchymal cells. Transplanted cells formed neo-tubules in the vicinity of surviving tubules and were possibly a source of growth factors essential for VSELs proliferation and differentiation. Both MVH and PCNA showed increased staining in the transplanted group. qRT-PCR studies revealed existence of a meiotic block in busulphan treated testis which was overcome after transplantation. Resulting sperm progressed to epididymis, showed normal motility and ability to fertilize in vitro. Conclusion:Results show that VSELs survive chemotherapy and can restore spermatogenesis in germ cells depleted mice. Results have direct relevance to address fertility issues of cancer survivors.

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“…In addition, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), which are found in BM and can contribute to tissue regeneration, are lost during common centrifugation protocols due to their high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio [35, 36]. Given the variety of cells in the bone marrow that can aid in tissue regeneration (HSCs, MSCs, VSELs) [33, 37, 38] and the fact that significant amounts of these cells can be lost in the centrifugation process, the ability to avoid centrifugation can be a significant benefit in preparing a robust biologic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of clinically relevant concentrations of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells without centrifugation

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThis study examined the quality of bone marrow aspirates extracted using a novel, FDA cleared method to optimally target cells from the inner cortical iliac bone surface without the need for centrifugation. This method employs small draws from a single puncture that promote only lateral flow from multiple sites (SSLM method). The study utilized the Marrow Cellutions bone marrow aspiration system (MC system) which is based on the SSLM method and compared the MC system directly to bone marrow concentrates (BMAC) generated by centrifugation of aspirates harvested with a standard aspiration needle.MethodsThree direct comparisons were conducted evaluating the SSLM draws and BMACs derived from the same patient from contralateral iliac crests. The levels of TNCs/mL, CD34+ cells/mL, CD117+ cells/mL, and CFU-f/mL were compared between the various bone marrow preparations. The cellular content of a series of SSLM draws was also analyzed to determine the total nucleated cell (TNC) count and the concentration of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells as measured by colony forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-f).ResultsIn direct comparisons with BMAC systems, SSLM draws yielded significantly higher CFU-f concentrations and comparable concentrations of CD34+ and CD117+ cells. In addition, the average quantity of TNCs/mL in a series of 30 patients utilizing the SSLM draw was 35.2 × 106 ± 17.1 × 106 and the average number of CFU-f/mL was 2885 ± 1716. There were small but significant correlations between the TNCs/mL and the CFU-fs/mL using the SSLM method as well as between the age of the patient and the CFU-fs/mL.ConclusionsThe MC Device, using the SSLM draw technique, produced concentrations of CFU-fs, CD34+ cells and CD117+ cells that were comparable or greater to BMACs derived from the same patient. Given the rapid speed and simplicity of the MC Device, we believe this novel system possesses significant practical advantages to other currently available centrifugation based systems.

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Pluripotent Stem Cells in Bone Marrow and Cord Blood

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Are Mesenchymal Cells Indeed Pluripotent Stem Cells or Just Stromal Cells? OCT-4 and VSELs Biology Has Led to Better Understanding

Are Mesenchymal Cells Indeed Pluripotent Stem Cells or Just Stromal Cells? OCT-4 and VSELs Biology Has Led to Better Understanding

Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Survive and Restore Spermatogenesis after Busulphan Treatment in Mouse Testis

Isolation of clinically relevant concentrations of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells without centrifugation

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