Platinum‐Based Anticancer Drugs

Abstract

In this article, the new developments on the platinum‐based anticancer drugs mainly in the past decade were remarked and discussed. These include the new research progress and insights on the classical platinum drugs, such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin, as well as the recent research progress on those nonclassical platinum‐based drugs. Especially, we focused on the emerging studies on the polynuclear platinum complexes, platinum(IV) complexes, and the photodynamic therapy and nanocarrier systems of these new types of platinum complexes. We have tried to select the most representative ones to be emphasized so that the most significant research progress of the platinum drugs may be shown and reported. This will inspire more scientists to develop better and more promising platinum‐based drugs based on these research findings in the future.

Ruthenium(II)–Tris-pyrazolylmethane Complexes Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Disrupting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis

“…Complexes of d-block metals possess unique properties otherwise not available to organic compounds and thus offer significant medicinal potential. 1 − 3 In particular, platinum compounds have been used in clinical treatments against various types of cancer; 4 − 6 however, despite their undisputed efficacy, they exhibit serious drawbacks, such as negative side effects, phenomena of intrinsic or acquired resistance, a limited number of treatable tumors, and the necessity of hospitalization for the intravenous administration. 7 − 10 These facts have stimulated research to develop new drugs based on other transition-metal elements.…”

“…Complexes of d-block metals possess unique properties otherwise not available to organic compounds and thus offer significant medicinal potential. − In particular, platinum compounds have been used in clinical treatments against various types of cancer; − however, despite their undisputed efficacy, they exhibit serious drawbacks, such as negative side effects, phenomena of intrinsic or acquired resistance, a limited number of treatable tumors, and the necessity of hospitalization for the intravenous administration. − These facts have stimulated research to develop new drugs based on other transition-metal elements. − Specifically, a variety of ruthenium complexes have shown great promise. , Besides the prototypal NAMI-A, KP1019, and related ruthenium­(III) salts that entered clinical trials, ,, half-sandwich organometallic complexes based on the Ru II –arene scaffold have attracted considerable attention. In particular, RAPTA compounds, featured by the amphiphilic 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane ligand (PTA), have emerged as prominent and are currently pointing to clinical trials. , The popularity of RAPTAs and the easy accessibility of related structures have steered the way to the exploration of a considerable number of derivatives with a diversity of arenes and coligands (Figure A,B). − However, a suitable combination of electronic factors should be formulated to avoid the removal of the arene moiety and the consequent disaggregation of the complexes in aqueous media, which is a disliking characteristic for a drug candidate. − …”