Plasticity of Red Mud and Clay Mixtures

Abstract

Recent study is focusing on the plasticity properties of clay and red mud (RM) mixtures. Two different clays were examined with (carbonate clay, CC) and without earth alkali carbonate (carbonate free clay, CFC) content. Red mud with 32 wt% moisture content was added for dried and powdered clays. Maximum applicable red mud content (30 wt%) was determined by mixing experiment. The mixtures were prepared by pan mill and samples of 33 mm in diameter and 40 mm in height were pressed. Measurements were obtained with 20, 22, 24 and 26 wt% moisture content in each mixture. Two methods were used for measurement and characterization of the plasticity of clay body. Beside determination of Pfefferkorn plasticity index, deformation curves of different samples were also recorded and analysed. Results indicated that red mud affected the forming behaviour of clays. Addition of red mud may rise the energy consumption of extrusion process.

Characterization of Three Amu-Darya Basin Clays in Ceramic Brick Industry and Their Applications with Brick Waste

“…This method calculates the amount of water needed to achieve a 30% contraction of the initial height (H 0 ) of a test specimen under the action of a standard mass. The PPI value was obtained from Pfefferkorn straight lines of moisture content% vs. height ratio of the specimen [ 9 , 29 ]. Then, the plasticity and consistency of the rods were evaluated using a pocket soil penetrometer ST207 (kg/cm 2 ) based on penetration.…”

Incorporação de lama vermelha na indústria cerâmica: uma revisão

“…Em geral, o método de prensagem possibilita a incorporação de uma quantidade maior de resíduo. Isto se dá, porque conformar os corpos de prova por extrusão requer uma plasticidade mínima, e quanto mais resíduo é incorporado, menor a plasticidade da massa (Hamza et al, 2019). As temperaturas de queima variaram de 850 até 1.225°C.…”

“…As formulações atenderam ao limite máximo de 20% para absorção de água somente a partir da temperatura de 1150°C, no entanto, a retração linear aumentou com o incremento da temperatura, de 1,89% (800°C) até 12,45% (1225°C). Hamza et al (2019) analisaram a influência da lama vermelha na plasticidade da massa cerâmica. Dois métodos foram utilizados para mensurar a plasticidade: método de Pferfferkorn e teste de compressão.…”

Synthesis and characterization of alkali-activated zeolite-poor rocks

“…Ceramics manufacturing is one of the earliest human activities. Kaolin, clays, feldspars, quartz, zeolite and Al2O3 are mostly used materials in the production of ceramics [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The research in ceramics industries has progressed significantly in recent years [7][8][9][10].…”