Plasmid patterns and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from female sex workers and from men with urethritis in Bandung, Indonesia, were determined by an agar dilution technique. Typing of the Tet M plasmid in tetracycline-resistant isolates (TRNG) was performed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and plasmid profiles of penicillinase-producing isolates (PPNG) were determined. All PPNG possessed the 4.4 MDa beta-lactamase plasmid and all TRNG showed a PCR fragment characteristic of the 'Dutch' type Tet M plasmid. Of the 50 gonococci isolates tested, all were resistant to tetracycline; 47 were TRNG, 26 were PPNG, and 6 were resistant to thiamphenicol. Chromosomal resistance to penicillin was not detected. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Spectinomycin and fluoroquinolones are useful primary drugs for treatment of gonococcal infection in Bandung. Continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance should be part of gonorrhoea control in Indonesia.

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring inNeisseria gonorrhoeaeand strategic use of funds from the Global Fund to set up a systematic Moroccan gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme

“…Tetracycline-resistant N gonorrhoeae were first reported in the USA in 1985 15. Tetracycline resistance, chromosomal and plasmid mediated, has increased and attained a high prevalence in many countries such as the USA,24 India, Thailand, Indonesia,25 26 Scotland, Rwanda and DRC 27. Despite this, tetracyclines remain important and effective agents in the treatment of other STIs, notably C trachomatis 15…”

Simultaneous determination of thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in eggs by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

“…Thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF) are all synthetic and broad-spectrum antibiotics belonging to the fenicol drug family which have been widely used in veterinary medicine for treatments of various infections [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In various types of animal farm, abuse of TAP and FFA will leave undesirably large concentrations of residues in the product.…”

Simultaneous determination and confirmation of chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in chicken muscle by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Because of toxic side effects on the haemopoietic system [1][2][3] and the emergence of drug resistant bacteria [4][5][6], their clinical applications are strictly controlled in many countries including China, USA and member states of European Union (EU) [7][8][9][10]. For example, CAP has been banned for use in food-producing animals in EU and minimum required performance limit (MRPL) or maximum residue limits (MRLs) have also been set for CAP (0.3 g/kg), TAP (50 g/kg), the sum (100 g/kg) of FF and its major metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in foodstuffs of animal origin.…”