Plasma Protein Electrophoresis and Acute Phase Proteins in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Following Exploratory Coeliotomy

Christiansen, Emily F.; Cray, Carolyn; Lewbart, Gregory A.; Harms, Craig A.

doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2014.11.008

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The fraction migration was very similar to that seen in mammals with a dominant fraction 2 (presumptive albumin) and prominent fraction 5 (presumptive beta globulin migrating fraction). Previously, 6 and 5 fractions have been described in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ( 67 ) and Koi Cyprinus carpio ( 68 ), respectively. Whereas, Koi electrophoretogram also had dominant fraction 2 and 5, Rainbow Trout samples exhibited a dominant fraction 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Iconic Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara): A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Indices in the Southeastern United States Population

et al. 2020

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The Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara) population has rebounded from near extinction to an international status as vulnerable due in part to regional species recovery efforts. The southeastern US population has been recovering with the main spawning locations off the coasts of Florida. Despite their economic importance to the catch-and-release fishery and the dive industry, and their ecological importance as ecosystem engineers resulting in positive impacts on reefs and species richness, baseline health assessment information is very limited in this species to date. The objectives of this study were to: (1) establish reference intervals for hematological and plasma biochemical analytes, and report immune function, oxidative stress, and vitellogenin in mature males and females; (2) evaluate total length, age, and sex in relation to blood analytes in juvenile and mature fish; (3) assess analytes across sampled months in mature male and female fish; and (4) describe the typical light microscopy findings in liver and gill biopsies, including quantitative assessment of pigmented macrophage aggregates. Health indices are reported as reference intervals when applicable, or otherwise descriptively. Blood analyte correlations with length and age, sex differences, and comparisons across months provided relevant physiological considerations, including differences in protein/energy metabolism, tissue growth, sexual maturation, active reproduction, and antigenic stimulation. Liver histology identified changes associated with life stage, active reproduction, or of subclinically to clinically insignificant infectious and/or inflammatory processes. Hepatocellular vacuolation and pigmented macrophage aggregates were prominent. Pigmented macrophage aggregates correlated with total length, presumably from continuous antigenic stimulation and/or metabolic changes as Malinowski et al. Goliath Grouper Comprehensive Health Assessment fish grow. Gill histological findings were subtle. The data presented herein provide an essential baseline assessment of a suite of health variables in an iconic marine teleost species, serves as a springboard for future studies relevant to conservation physiology, and allows for population-level applications for conservation management and policy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Iconic Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara): A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Indices in the Southeastern United States Population

et al. 2020

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“…Profiling of serum proteins facilitates identification of many issues related to diseases and inflammation in mammals and fish (Akbary & Jahanbakhshi, ; Hooijberg et al, ; Yang, Cho, Wang, Park, & Yang, ). Serum protein usually separates into albumin and globulins fractions: α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ according to their sizes and electrical charges (Christiansen et al, ; Jenkins, ). Our results showed nine fractions of serum proteins; fractions I and II for prealbumin, fraction III for albumin, and the rest of fractions refer to α, β and γ globulins (Fazio et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Profiling of serum proteins facilitates identification of many issues related to diseases and inflammation in mammals and fish (Akbary & Jahanbakhshi, 2018;Hooijberg et al, 2018;Yang, Cho, Wang, Park, & Yang, 2016). Serum protein usually separates into albumin and globulins fractions: α1, α2, β1, β2 and γ according to their sizes and electrical charges (Christiansen et al, 2015;Jenkins, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…different habitats or feeding) in many fish species, including M. cephalus (Cray et al, ; Parrino et al, ; Xue, Renault, Cochennec, & Gerard, ). Serum protein fractionation—changes in band numbers, sizes or density—is a good tool, used profusely to determine changes in immunity, as well as an indicator for changes in environments and habitats (Christiansen, Cray, Lewbart, & Harms, ; Fazio et al, ; Muhammad, Mahmoud, Fazio, & Sayed, ; Thurston, ; Xue et al, ). Plasma protein electrophoresis fractions demonstrated general decreases in α‐2 globulin and γ globulin at days 3 and 7, which after that returned to baseline by day 28 in koi carp following coeliotomy (Christiansen et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus

et al. 2020

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Immunity occupies the top priority in aquaculture. Great efforts have been made to study fish immunity, but little is known about the immunity of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus despite of its importance. We evaluated the effect of different doses (0, 1, 10 and 100 µg/kg body weight) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of non‐specific immune response genes (interleukin (il) 1β, il8, il10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα)) in the liver, as well as its effect on the fractionation of serum protein in juvenile grey mullet along different times and concentrations. Analysis revealed that LPS initially caused an upregulation in the studied cytokines. After that, transcripts levels were switched sequentially between downregulation and upregulation, ending with an upregulation at 1 week post injection in il8, il10 and tnfα. Regarding il1β, its initial upregulation was followed by gradual decreases, which reached a marked downregulation at 1 week post injection. Protein fractionation exhibited many changes among doses and time. Nine fractions were discernable in protein electrophoresis of serum in all doses. The most pronounced changes were detected in fractions 7–9 (generally refer to γ globulins or immunoglobulins) using densitometric analysis. In addition, LPS suggested to modulate the levels of serum transferrin. It is known that LPS is a component of the cell wall of Gram negative bacteria, and this study sheds light on the molecular fitness mechanisms against bacterial infection, which could help in developing a strategy to improve resistance to bacterial diseases, or possibly to enhance immune response in grey mullet.

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“…The plasma protein electrophoresis was performed using an SPIFE 3,000 system (Helena Laboratories, Beaumont, Texas, USA) to measure the concentrations of six fractions. The gels were run according to manufacturer's instructions, and the protein fractions were quantified using gel electrophoresis and laser densitometry as described previously (Christiansen et al 2015). Each protein fraction (protein fractions 1–6) was calculated by using the percentage of the fraction multiplied by the total protein concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Analyte Changes of Wild‐Caught Adult Almaco Jack in Response to Acclimation to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems and Hyposalinity Treatment

et al. 2021

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Despite the utility of blood analyte evaluation as a diagnostic tool to assist in monitoring the health of marine fishes, baseline data are often lacking for many commercially important finfish species. The objective of this study was to compare hematology and plasma chemistry data for adult wild‐caught Almaco Jack Seriola rivoliana at time of capture and again following a period of acclimation to a recirculating aquaculture system and hyposalinity treatment. A total of 30 clinically healthy adult fish were caught via hook and line in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, approximately 120 mi offshore from Madeira Beach, Florida. Blood was collected from a subset of these fish (n = 13) immediately after capture and again at 16 weeks postcapture from another subset (n = 12) following a 45‐d antiparasitic hyposalinity treatment. A 19% increase in fish body weight was observed during the study period (16 weeks) and no overt health issues or mortality were noted. Compared to fish that were sampled immediately following capture, several significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed. Absolute white blood cells were lower in captive held fish, suggesting biological variation, antigenic stimulation in wild fish, and/or immunosuppression associated with stress in captive held fish. Lower sodium, chloride, and calculated osmolality indicate osmoregulatory adjustments following the hyposalinity treatment by 16 weeks postcapture. Other observed plasma biochemical differences presumptively reflect dietary and/or environmental changes, or physiological variation following acclimation to captive culture conditions. This study reports baseline blood analyte data of wild‐caught Almaco Jack and documents hematological and plasma biochemical responses to their new environment as captive broodstock. Baseline hematological and plasma biochemistry data obtained during this study are the first reported for this species.

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Plasma Protein Electrophoresis and Acute Phase Proteins in Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Following Exploratory Coeliotomy

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

The Iconic Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara): A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Indices in the Southeastern United States Population

The Iconic Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara): A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Indices in the Southeastern United States Population

Modulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on immune‐related gene expression and serum protein fractionation in grey mullet,Mugil cephalus

Blood Analyte Changes of Wild‐Caught Adult Almaco Jack in Response to Acclimation to Recirculating Aquaculture Systems and Hyposalinity Treatment

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