Plasma activated water: a study of gas type, electrode material, and power supply selection and the impact on the final frontier

Gott, Ryan; Engeling, Kenneth; Olson, J.; Franco, Carolina

doi:10.1039/d2cp03489a

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Improving the generation efficiency of PAW to ensure the production and absorption of more active particles in a shorter time is a key issue. Previous studies have shown that various factors, such as electrode configuration, plasma treatment time, applied voltage, gas environment, solution composition and volume, as well as treatment method, have significant impacts on the generation of RONS and the physicochemical properties (pH and conductivity) of PAW [15,22,44,45]. By combining with plasma bubbling technology, it is possible to further improve the energy efficiency in our system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibit ammonia volatilization from agriculture and livestock by air plasma-activated water

Li,

Xiong,

Song

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Ammonia volatilization in agriculture and livestock is a considerable cause of air pollution and a significant way of N loss. In this study, we propose a method of using air plasma-activated water (PAW) to inhibit ammonia volatilization from agriculture and livestock and report the inhibitory effect under different discharge times and concentration gradients. PAW was generated through needle–water discharge, while ammonia waters with different concentrations served as simplified models for ammonia release. The compositions of the gas/liquid products of the PAW and those after mixing with ammonia water were detected and analyzed. It was found that the PAW could effectively inhibit the NH3 volatilization from ammonia water over a large range of conditions, however, NH3 volatilization promotion could also happen in some cases. The inhibition rate (IR) generally increased with the longer discharge time of the PAW and decreased with the higher ammonia water concentration. As the discharge time increased, the PAW became more acidic and had more active N components, converting more volatile NH3 to NH4 + when mixed with ammonia water. Finally, a relationship model was developed between the IR and pH of the mixture. The IR basically decreased with the increase of the mixture pH, and reached ∼100% when a PAW with a discharge time of 7.5 min or 10 min was mixed with ammonia water with a mass fraction of 0.15%, or PAW of 10 min mixed with 0.25% ammonia water in this study, with the mixture pH lower than 8. The basic chemical process and possible reaction mechanisms were discussed. The proposed method not only effectively reduces ammonia volatilization but also adds more N elements in the form of NO3 − and NH4 +, which further improves fertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibit ammonia volatilization from agriculture and livestock by air plasma-activated water

Li,

Xiong,

Song

et al. 2024

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…This novel approach involves subjecting water to non-thermal plasma exposing it to ROS and RNS [5] and inducing changes in the physicochemical properties of the liquid. These changes can be tailored for different applications [6,7]. Reactive species in PAW impart beneficial effects on plants inducing physiological and biochemical changes with positive effects on growth and stress tolerance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing plasma activated water irrigation effects on tomato seedlings

Aceto,

Rotondo,

Porfido

et al. 2024

Front. Phys.

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Introduction: The study investigates the potential of Plasma Activated Water (PAW) as an innovative irrigation medium to enhance growth and defense responses in tomato seedlings. It explores PAW’s utility in both healthy seedlings and those inoculated with Tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV).Methods: PAW, produced through a dielectric barrier volume discharge, serves as a chemical-free alternative to traditional fertilizers. Tomato seedlings were irrigated with PAW or control solutions. The study employs biometric measurements to assess growth and biochemical analysis to evaluate antioxidant levels and pigments. Gene expression analysis was conducted to evaluate the plant response, while the distribution of macro and micronutrients was assessed through micro X-ray fluorescence.Results and discussion: Results indicate that PAW-irrigated seedlings exhibit significant growth enhancement compared to those receiving conventional fertilization. Increased levels of antioxidant molecules and pigments suggest improved photosynthetic activity and stress tolerance. Gene expression analysis shows up-regulation of defense genes in PAW-treated plants post-viral infection. The up-regulation of defense genes and the restoration of mineral nutrient distribution in PAW-treated, virus-infected plants highlight PAW’s role in enhancing plant resilience against pathogens and mitigating nutrient deficiencies. These findings emphasize PAW’s potential as a sustainable agricultural solution, promoting plant growth, enhancing defense mechanisms, and reducing biotic stress due to virus infections.

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“…The ability of plasma-liquid interactions to generate a rich variety of reactive species is now widely recognized, offering remarkable biochemical activity to the liquid in contact with the plasma. [1][2][3][4] Numerous attractive and promising applications are being developed in the fields of biomedicine, environmental governance and chemical synthesis. [5][6][7][8] Diverse forms of plasma-liquid interactions have been established for scientific research and applications, where gas-liquid discharge is easily achievable and efficient in generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive pulsed gas–liquid discharge in different atmospheres: from discharge characteristics to plasma–liquid interactions

Lu,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Plasma activated water: a study of gas type, electrode material, and power supply selection and the impact on the final frontier

Abstract: An in-depth study of plasma activated water (PAW) generation was conducted to link changes in power supply, electrode material, input gas, and treatment time to the resulting reaction chemistry. These...

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Inhibit ammonia volatilization from agriculture and livestock by air plasma-activated water

Inhibit ammonia volatilization from agriculture and livestock by air plasma-activated water

Assessing plasma activated water irrigation effects on tomato seedlings

Repetitive pulsed gas–liquid discharge in different atmospheres: from discharge characteristics to plasma–liquid interactions

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