Planting Systems on Lodging Behavior, Yield Components, and Yield of Irrigated Spring Bread Wheat

Abstract

Stapper, 1987) and in India (Narang et al., 1994). Crook and Ennos (1995) found that stem strength decreased Lodging control of irrigated spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by 20% as N fertilizer rate increased from 160 to 240 kg through both crop management practices and cultivar improvement is needed to increase yield and grain quality in farmer fields, especially ha Ϫ1 . Similarly, application of N at 200 kg ha Ϫ1 decreased in developing countries where wheat production under irrigation pre-breaking strength of the second stem internode, leading dominates. The objectives of this research were to: (i) determine how to increased lodging (Garg et al., 1973). Ali (1993) and different planting systems combined with cultivar choice can alter lodg-Kheiralla et al. (1993) reported 19.9 and 7.2% less grain ing incidence; (ii) provide a better understanding of planting system ϫ yield in Egypt caused by lodging at 225 and 275 kg N genotype interactions to identify improved management alternatives ha Ϫ1 compared with lower N rates between 150 and for farmers facing chronic wheat crop lodging; and (iii) assess potential 175 kg N ha Ϫ1 . lodging consequences that may be associated with the translocation Lodging is most common with intensively managed containing the Lr19 gene which has been shown to contribute to crops and usually occurs near or after anthesis, mainly increased grain yield potential. Lodging behavior and yield potential the result of wind during or soon after irrigation or rainwere studied for 16 spring wheat genotypes under disease free, irrigated conditions at the CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejora-storm events. To avoid lodging, many farmers in south miento de Maíz y Trigo) experiment station near Ciudad Obregon, Asia forego the last irrigation, which may be crucial for Sonora, Mexico, during the 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 crop cycles. grain filling and can ultimately limit grain yield (Hobbs Among the genotypes tested were SUPER SERI, which carries the et al., 1998). This practice is common in India for the Lr19 gene, and Seri 82, which is a near isogenic cultivar lacking the following reasons: (i) occurrence of frequent high winds gene. Comparisons were made between the widely used, flat planting during grain-filling; (ii) the wide use of flat planting and system with flood irrigation versus an innovative bed planting system flood irrigation which can lead to extended, saturated with furrow irrigation that has been widely adopted by many farmers soil moisture conditions following irrigation that are in northwest Mexico. An additional treatment using support nets to conducive to crop lodging; and (iii) the lack of accepteliminate lodging for the flat planting system was included to estimate able cultivars that are lodging tolerant at higher N rates yield losses attributable to lodging. There were yield differences among planting systems and genotypes and their interactions were (1998) compared several sets of near isogenic lines (with Published in Crop Sci. 45:1448-1455 (2005). and without the tran...

PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Understanding the physiological basis of yield potential in wheat

“…What is also clear, for example from the work of Tripathi et al (2005) at CIANO and from the observations of many, is that short stature is a necessary but insufficient condition for adequate lodging resistance in irrigated low latitude wheat. For a factor that so clearly reduces irrigated wheat yield, or the risk of which constrains management for highest yields, it is remarkable how little we have learned about the physiological basis of genetic variation in lodging resistance ; for example, the fact that CIMMYT lines Attila and Babax are very lodging resistant compared to many equally short, or even shorter, spring wheat varieties that readily lodge.…”

Lodging resistance and yield potential of winter wheat: effect of planting density and genotype

“…Berry et al [10] reported that shoot and plant leverage were directly determined by the shoot height at its center of gravity, and the amplitude and frequency of movement (natural frequency) caused by wind gusts and the shoot number per plant. Both stem morphology and chemical characteristics of the lower stem are major determinants of stem strength [11][12][13] , whereas anchorage strength is affected by spread and depth of the root plate and strength of the surrounding soil [3,9] . The Rht dwarfing genes on homeologous group 4 chromosomes indirectly affect lodging-related traits through their pleiotropic effects [14] .…”

Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review

“…Lodging of irrigated wheat can be controlled through crop management practices and cultivar improvement. Bed planted genotypes resulted over 50% less lodging compared with flat planting (Tripathi et al, 2005). Wheat grown on beds has less lodging effect due to more vigorous stem development and also enables to exploit potential yield (Tripathi et al, 2002(Tripathi et al, , 2005.…”

“…Bed planted genotypes resulted over 50% less lodging compared with flat planting (Tripathi et al, 2005). Wheat grown on beds has less lodging effect due to more vigorous stem development and also enables to exploit potential yield (Tripathi et al, 2002(Tripathi et al, , 2005. Lodging was due to high velocity winds in February, March and April (71, 69 and 72 Km/h) coupled with rainfall especially in February and March (143 and 115 mm) at milky stage of the crop.…”