Plantas medicinais e de uso religioso comercializadas em mercados e feiras livres no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Abstract

Plantas medicinais e de uso religioso comercializadas em mercados e feiras livres no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil (9), Leguminosae (7), Euphorbiacaea, Lauraceae, Piperaceae e Solanaceae (5) as de maior riqueza. A maioria das espécies é utilizada para fins terapêuticos (70,1%) e existe um relativo equilíbrio entre extrativismo (40,4%) e cultivo (52,8%) para estas, com poucas incluídas nos dois casos (6,7%). Em relação às plantas utilizadas para fins religiosos, constatou-se que o extrativismo (64,3%) sobrepõe-se ao cultivo (32,1%), com apenas 3,6% em ambos os casos. A coleta se dá predominantemente na Mata Atlântica (83,3%), em áreas que fazem parte ou circundam Unidades de Conservação. Isto reflete a crença de que estas espécies devam ser retiradas preferencialmente de seus locais de origem. Sugere-se que a pressão de coleta exercida sobre as plantas de uso religioso na Mata Atlântica contribua para a vulnerabilidade das mesmas. Palavras-chave : extrativismo, Mata Atlântica, etnobotânica, Rio de Janeiro ABSTRACT -(Medical and religious plants commercialized in conventional and open-air markets of Rio de Janeiro municipality Riode Janeiro State, Brazil). This paper has as a main goal to study the species commercialized in both conventional and open-air markets in Rio de Janeiro. It is reported the concurrency of the type of use (medical and/or religious) together with the collection procedure of these plants, arising from cultivation and/or extraction from the Atlantic Rain Forest and/or from wastelands. Four open-air markets and four conventional markets were visited for this study, while the field collection in the Serra do Mendanha was accompanied by an informant. Data collection was obtained through participant observation and semi structured interviews. Most of the species are used for therapeutical purpose (70.1%), observing that there is a certain balance between plants colletcted (40.4%) and cultivated (52.8%), and the remaining (6.7%), including both. Regarding the plants used for religious purpose it was observed that explotation from nature (64.3%) ovelaps cultivation (32.1%), with only 3.6% yields from both cases. Most of the collects occurs within conservation areas of the Atlantic Rain Forest (83.3%). This result reflects the popular belief that these species need to be extracted from its native area. The vulnerability of these species may well be related to this practice.

Urban ethnobotany in Petrópolis and Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

“…More than 30% of the species and more than 40% of popular names registered here were common to other studies conducted in Rio de Janeiro (Stalcup, 2000;Azevedo & Silva, 2006;Maioli-Azevedo & FonsecaKruel, 2007) (Table 1). Among the plants listed, 72% had herbaceous habit.…”

“…and Malvaceae (4 spp.). The first two often appear as the most representative in number of species in other ethnobotanical works from Brazil (Parente & Rosa, 2001;Di Stasi et al, 2002;Pereira et al, 2004;Gazzaneo et al, 2005;Azevedo & Silva, 2006, Pilla et al, 2006, Pinto et al, 2006Maioli-Azevedo & Fonseca-Kruel, 2007). According to Di Stasi et al (2002), these are large, mostly cosmopolitan, families (about 22.750 and 6.700 species, respectively), known worldwide as medicinal, which would explain the large number of species listed by informants in ethnobotanical works.…”

“…The use of other species as Espinheira-santa was reported before. Some examples are: Sorocea bonplandii Bailon (Moraceae) (Parente & Rosa, 2001;Coulaud-Cunha et al, 2004), S. guilleminiana Gaudich (Moraceae) (Azevedo & Silva, 2006;Maioli-Azevedo & Fonseca-Kruel, 2007), S. ilicifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Di Stasi et al, 2002), and Zollernia ilicifolia Vog.…”

“…Few ethnobotanical studies in urban environments were held in open-air fair and popular markets in Brazil (Berg, 1984;Silva et al, 2001;Almeida & Albuquerque, 2002;Nunes et al, 2003;Pinto & Maduro, 2003;Albuquerque et al, 2007), and to the best of our knowledge, only five studies in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Santos & Silvestre, 2000;Stalcup, 2000;Parente & Rosa, 2001;Azevedo & Silva, 2006;Maioli-Azevedo & Fonseca-Kruel, 2007) (Table 1). Our contribution is to the study of useful plants sold in the open-air fairs of Petrópolis and Nova Friburgo.…”

Alelopatia de Joanesia princeps Vell. e Casearia sylvestris Sw. sobre espécies cultivadas

“…Joanesia princeps (Euphorbiaceae) é uma árvore encontrada nas regiões norte, nordeste e sudeste, principalmente em floresta pluvial de mata atlântica (Azevedo & Silva, 2006;Lopes et al, 2002). Os frutos contêm, geralmente, duas amêndoas que possuem 37% de óleo, sendo útil para fins medicinais e industriais (Chaves & Davide, 1996).…”