Plant Sterols as Anticancer Nutrients: Evidence for Their Role in Breast Cancer

Abstract

While many factors are involved in the etiology of cancer, it has been clearly established that diet significantly impacts one’s risk for this disease. More recently, specific food components have been identified which are uniquely beneficial in mitigating the risk of specific cancer subtypes. Plant sterols are well known for their effects on blood cholesterol levels, however research into their potential role in mitigating cancer risk remains in its infancy. As outlined in this review, the cholesterol modulating actions of plant sterols may overlap with their anti-cancer actions. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women and there remains a need for effective adjuvant therapies for this disease, for which plant sterols may play a distinctive role.

Scarless wound healing gel with Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis) leaves extract and celecoxib as the active ingredients

“…Celecoxib is suggested to play a role in the inflammation phase (1 st phase) of the wound healing processes [2,8]. Both ursolic acid and celecoxib inhibit inflammation mediator prostaglandins [9][10][11]. As phytosterol, ursolic acid inhibits phospholipase [11] while celecoxib inhibits COX-2 [12,13] in the cascade of prostaglandin synthase [2,12,14,15].…”

“…Both ursolic acid and celecoxib inhibit inflammation mediator prostaglandins [9][10][11]. As phytosterol, ursolic acid inhibits phospholipase [11] while celecoxib inhibits COX-2 [12,13] in the cascade of prostaglandin synthase [2,12,14,15]. Ursolic acid therefore could also interfere the 1 st phase of the wound healing processes [6].…”

Nutraceuticals: Curative Integrative Cancer Treatment

“…β-Sitosterol does not stimulate the endometrium, nor do plant stanols and stanol esters stimulate ER-positive MCF-7 [68]. β-Sitosterol may be most biologically active with liposomal delivery [68]. β-Sitosterol down regulates NF-κβ, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to TNF-α induced apoptosis [68].…”

“…Stigmasterol is a soy-lipid derived phytosterol, and campesterol is a saw palmetto derived phytosterol [45]. β-Sitosterol does not stimulate the endometrium, nor do plant stanols and stanol esters stimulate ER-positive MCF-7 [68]. β-Sitosterol may be most biologically active with liposomal delivery [68].…”

“…β-Sitosterol may be most biologically active with liposomal delivery [68]. β-Sitosterol down regulates NF-κβ, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to TNF-α induced apoptosis [68]. β-Sitosterol reduces MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and MCF-7 tumors by 66% and 87% respectively, and low density lipoprotein by 8.8% [68].…”