Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Jong, A. de; Mensink, Ronald P.

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602409

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Indeed, in SPHR rats, which are characterized by increased plant sterol concentrations attributable to a defect in ABCG5, high plant sterol concentrations were associated with increased stroke risk, which was ascribed to a reduced erythrocyte deformability (32). However, in humans consuming plant sterolenriched margarines for 16 weeks, we could not confirm these effects despite an increase in red blood cell plant sterol content (33). In addition, Yang et al (34) have shown severe accumulation of plant sterols in adrenals of ABCG5/G8 2/2 mice, which led to depletion of cholesteryl esters.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols

Plat

Beugels

Gijbels

et al. 2006

Journal of Lipid Research

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Statins do not always decrease coronary heart disease mortality, which was speculated based on increased serum plant sterols observed during statin treatment. To evaluate plant sterol atherogenicity, we fed low density lipoprotein-receptor deficient (LDLr 1/2 ) mice for 35 weeks with Western diets (control) alone or enriched with atorvastatin or atorvastatin plus plant sterols or stanols. Atorvastatin decreased serum cholesterol by 22% and lesion area by 57%. Adding plant sterols or stanols to atorvastatin decreased serum cholesterol by 39% and 41%. Cholesterolstandardized serum plant sterol concentrations increased by 4-to 11-fold during sterol plus atorvastatin treatment versus stanol plus atorvastatin treatment. However, lesion size decreased similarly in the sterol plus atorvastatin (299% vs. control) and the stanol plus atorvastatin (298%) groups, with comparable serum cholesterol levels, suggesting that increased plant sterol concentrations are not atherogenic. Our second study confirms this conclusion. Compared with lesions after a 33 week atherogenic period, lesion size further increased in controls (197%) during 12 more weeks on the diet, whereas 12 weeks with the addition of plant sterols or stanols decreased lesion size (66% and 64%). These findings indicate that in LDLr 1/2 mice 1) increased cholesterol-standardized serum plant sterol concentrations are not atherogenic, 2) adding plant sterols/stanols to atorvastatin further inhibits lesion formation, and 3) plant sterols/ stanols inhibit the progression or even induce the regression of existing lesions.-Plat, J., I. Beugels, M. J. J. Gijbels, M. P. J. de Winther, and R. P. Mensink. Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols. J. Lipid Res. 2006Res. . 47: 2762Res. -2771

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols

Plat

Beugels

Gijbels

et al. 2006

Journal of Lipid Research

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“…121 Furthermore, studies in humans and animal models showed that PS-enriched food consumption does not increase red cell fragility. [122][123][124][125][126][127] For example, in 1 study, 41 participants on stable statin treatment received a control margarine for 4 weeks and were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 possible interventions for the next 16 weeks (control margarine [n ¼ 11], plant sterol esterenriched margarine [n ¼ 15], plant stanol ester-enriched margarine [n ¼ 15]). 124 Daily plant sterol or stanol intake was 2.5 g. Campesterol levels in the red blood cells did not change.…”

Section: Effects Of Ps On Cellular Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Osmotic fragility did not also change significantly in the plant sterol and plant stanol groups compared with the control group. 124…”

Section: Effects Of Ps On Cellular Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: Effects of Plant Sterols and Stanols Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering

Derdemezis

Filippatos

Mikhailidis

et al. 2010

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther

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Consumption of foods and supplements enriched with plant sterols/stanols (PS) may help reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In this review, we consider the effects of PS beyond LDL-C lowering. Plant sterols/stanols exert beneficial effects on other lipid variables, such as apolipoprotein (apo) B/apoAI ratio and, in some studies, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Plant sterols/stanols may also affect inflammatory markers, coagulation parameters, as well as platelet and endothelial function. Evidence also exists about a beneficial effect on oxidative stress, but this does not seem to be of greater degree than that expected from the LDL-C lowering. Many of these effects have been demonstrated in vitro and animal models. Some in vitro effects cannot be seen in vivo or in humans at usual doses. The epidemiological studies that evaluated the association of plasma PS concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk do not provide a definitive answer. Long-term randomized placebo-controlled studies are required to clarify the effects of supplementation with PS on CVD risk and progression of atherosclerosis.

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“…In animals a decrease in the half life of erythrocytes and an increase in their fragility [50,51] have been observed. The implications of these animal studies for humans are unknown, although De Jong et al [52] did not observe any changes in the osmotic fragility of the erythrocyte membranes after phytosterol consumption. Furthermore, in the studies included in the meta-analysis by Moruisi et al [41] only minor digestive side effects were reported that were not confirmed in other studies [53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of plant sterols on the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Randomised, experimental study

Párraga¹,

López-Torres²,

Andrés³

et al. 2011

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundStudies have been conducted on supplementing the daily diet with plant sterol ester-enriched milk derivatives in order to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels and, consequently, cardiovascular risk. However, clinical practice guidelines on hypercholesterolaemia state that there is not sufficient evidence to recommend their use in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia. The main objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of the intake of 2 g of plant sterol esters a day in lowering LDL-cholesterol levels in patients diagnosed with hypercholesterolaemia. The specific objectives are: 1) to quantify the efficacy of the daily intake of plant sterol esters in lowering LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypercholesterolaemia; 2) to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects of the daily intake of plant sterol esters; 3) to identify the factors that determine a greater reduction in lipid levels in subjects receiving plant sterol ester supplements.Methods/DesignRandomised, double-blind, placebo controlled experimental trial carried out at family doctors' surgeries at three health centres in the Health Area of Albacete (Spain). The study subjects will be adults diagnosed with "limit" or "defined" hypercholesterolaemia and who have LDL cholesterol levels of 130 mg/dl or over. A dairy product in the form of liquid yoghurt containing 2 g of plant sterol ester per container will be administered daily after the main meal, for a period of 24 months. The control group will receive a daily unit of yogurt not supplemented with plant sterol esters that has a similar appearance to the enriched yoghurt. The primary variable is the change in lipid profile at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The secondary variables are: change in cardiovascular risk, adherence to the dairy product, adverse effects, adherence to dietary recommendations, frequency of food consumption, basic physical examination data, health problems, lipid-lowering medication, physical activity, smoking habits and socio-demographic variables.DiscussionIf plant sterol ester supplements were effective a sounder recommendation for the consumption of plant sterols in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia could be made.Trial RegistrationCurrent Controlled Trials NCT01406106.

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Plant sterol or stanol consumption does not affect erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on statin treatment

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols

Plant sterol or stanol esters retard lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice independent of changes in serum plant sterols

Review Article: Effects of Plant Sterols and Stanols Beyond Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering

Effect of plant sterols on the lipid profile of patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Randomised, experimental study

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