Plant Growth Regulator and Soil Surfactants’ Effects on Saline and Deficit Irrigated Warm‐Season Grasses: I. Turf Quality and Soil Moisture

Schiavon, Michela; Leinauer, Bernd; Serena, Matteo; Maier, Bernd; Sallenave, Rossana

doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.10.0707

Cited by 40 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, our visual quality data mirrored percentage green cover and NDVI measurements and our correlation analysis indicated a strong association between quality and NDVI and cover. These findings support those of Schiavon et al (2014) and Leinauer et al (2014) who also reported a significant correlation between subjective quality ratings taken on an ordinal scale and objective NDVI and DIA measurements.…”

Section: Soil Hydrophobicitysupporting

confidence: 89%

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Surfactant and Polymer‐Coated Sand Effects on Deficit Irrigated Bermudagrass Turf

et al. 2016

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Sand topdressing and soil surfactants are commonly applied to turfgrass areas but it is unclear whether these practices improve visual appearance or reduce hydrophobicity under defi cit irrigation. A study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, NM, to evaluate two topdressing materials and a soil surfactant on defi cit irrigated Princess 77 bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) grown on a loamy sand (mixed, thermic Typic Torripsamment). Treatments consisted of monthly applications of a polymer-coated hydrophilic sand (ACA 3114) or straight sand with or without the soil surfactant and an untreated control. Plots were mowed at 2.0 cm and irrigated at either 70 or 50% of reference evapotranspiration for short grass (ET os ). When results were averaged over the research period, plots irrigated at 50% ET os and receiving ACA 3114 or sand topdressing and the soil surfactant exhibited greater green coverage (85.3 and 88.2%, respectively) and better turfgrass quality (6.6 and 6.5, respectively, with 1 = worst, 9 = best) than control plots (71.6% green coverage, quality = 5.1) or plots receiving sand topdressing only (74.7% green coverage, quality = 5.3). Soil repellency in the upper root zone was detected only in 2011, and applications of both ACA 3114 and straight sand topdressing with the soil surfactant on plots irrigated at 50% ETos resulted in lower water drop penetration times (7s and 1s) compared to sand topdressing (12s) only. Our results suggest that bermudagrass quality can be maintained under defi cit irrigation if either topdressed with a hydrophilic sand or with straight sand combined with a surfactant.

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Section: Soil Hydrophobicitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Schiavon et al (2014) also demonstrated increased soil moisture uniformity and greater turf quality of bermudagrass treated with a liquid surfactant. Our study indicates that a higher VWC uniformity may be a better predictor of turfgrass quality than an average VWC.…”

Section: Soil Hydrophobicitymentioning

confidence: 86%

Surfactant and Polymer‐Coated Sand Effects on Deficit Irrigated Bermudagrass Turf

et al. 2016

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“…Detailed information on soil properties, irrigation water salinity and sodicity, irrigation system uniformity and irrigation amounts for these research reports are listed in Table 2. The range of values reported in these studies underscores how numerous factors, such as climate and irrigation (precipitation, leaching fraction), soil type and original soil salinity, salinity of irrigation water, and system distribution uniformity, all influence and contribute to changes in soil salinity following irrigation with saline water (Devitt et al, 2007;Ganjegunte et al, 2013;Qian and Mecham, 2005;Schiavon et al, 2014;Sevostianova et al, 2011aSevostianova et al, , 2011bThomas et al, 2006). Developing appropriate salinity management and remediation strategies requires detailed information on the distribution of salinity (EC e ) within the turf root zone.…”

Section: Soil Salinity Of An Urban Park After Long-termmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Water sample analyses indicated that irrigation water although saline (C3-S1 as per Richards, 1954) was of relatively better quality (lower salinity and sodicity) than the salinity values reported for other ground waters in the area used for irrigation (Schiavon et al, 2014;Sevostianova et al, 2011aSevostianova et al, , 2011b. The Chamizal Memorial is located on the Rio Grande river flood plain and ground water is derived from freshwater zone of the Rio Grande Aquifer.…”

Section: Irrigation Water Quality Apparent Electrical Conductivity Dmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Several studies have investigated spatial and temporal changes in soil salinity, particularly during the fi rst 3 to 5 yr aft er irrigation with saline or reused water has been initiated (Ganjegunte et al, 2013;Schiavon et al, 2014;Sevostianova et al, 2011aSevostianova et al, , 2011bTh omas et al, 2006). Th omas et al (2006) and Schiavon et al (2014) reported an increase in soil salinity but only to the levels that were not detrimental to the turf stand. Sevostianova et al (2011aSevostianova et al ( , 2011b described changes in soil salinity that followed a cyclical pattern between summer and winter but reported no overall increase in salinity aft er 3 yr due to the sandy nature of the soil.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Soil Salinity of an Urban Park after Long‐Term Irrigation with Saline Ground Water

et al. 2017

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Core Ideas Changes in soil salinity after 46 yr of irrigation. Using electromagnetic induction to map soil salinity and sodicity. Correlate soil salinity with irrigation system distribution uniformity. Chamizal National Park, located in El Paso, TX, extends over 140,000 m2 and has been irrigated with saline water for 46 yr. In recent years, turf areas in the park have severely degraded and bare spots have developed. Root zone salinity and sodicity were suspected to be the main reasons for the turf conditions. Developing salinity management and remediation strategies to improve turf quality requires information on the distribution of salinity (ECe) within the turf root zone. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) uses apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) to delineate salinity distribution, and is reportedly superior to traditional wet chemistry analyses. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of soil salinity and sodicity using the EMI technique. In addition, we assessed irrigation distribution uniformity and compared findings with root zone salinity and sodicity. The EMI data correlated well with saturated paste results and indicated that root zone salinity ranged from <1 to 43 dS m−1. In several parts of the park, ECe exceeded the threshold values for bermudagrass of 15 dS m−1. Root zone sodium adsorption ratio values ranged from <1 to 21 mmol1/2 L−1/2 and in areas where increased runoff and surface ponding were observed, values exceeded the threshold level of 12 mmol1/2 L−1/2. Correlation analysis between irrigation uniformity parameters and standard deviation of ECe and SAR values revealed that more than 90% of the variability of EC and SAR in the top 30 cm of the root zone could be explained by irrigation uniformity.

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Comparison of four warm‐season turfgrass species to natural rainfall or supplemental irrigation in a semiarid climate

Culpepper

Young

Wherley

2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Increased urban populations and drought conditions strain municipal water supplies, often resulting in activation of water conservation plans. Supplemental irrigation can be eliminated in extreme situations, which diminishes functional and visual benefits of turfgrass landscapes. The objective of this research was to evaluate differential responses of four warm‐season turfgrasses receiving supplemental irrigation (subsurface drip) or natural rainfall only in semiarid climate. Celebration bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] and Legacy buffalograss [Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.] were sodded in 2014; Jamur Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and Zeon Manilagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] were sodded in 2016. Species were split with mowing treatments at 5 or 9 cm. Limited mowing effects on response variables led to pooling mowing heights for species. Supplemental irrigation supplied 69 and 173 mm of water from July to September in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Volumetric water content (VWC) in the upper 3.8 cm, canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and visual turf quality were recorded weekly. Drought stress symptoms were evident both years. Manilagrass experienced greatest drought stress, which lowered NDVI and turf quality with significant canopy temperature increase in 2017. Bermudagrass maintained lowest canopy temperature with greatest NDVI and turf quality with natural rainfall each year. Supplemental irrigation was required to lower canopy temperature and enhance NDVI and turf quality for other species. Results suggest bermudagrass maintains best functional and aesthetic quality under 123 mm rainfall. Japanese lawngrass and buffalograss improved with supplemental irrigation, but Manilagrass required supplemental irrigation to provide acceptable quality.

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Plant Growth Regulator and Soil Surfactants’ Effects on Saline and Deficit Irrigated Warm‐Season Grasses: I. Turf Quality and Soil Moisture

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

Surfactant and Polymer‐Coated Sand Effects on Deficit Irrigated Bermudagrass Turf

Surfactant and Polymer‐Coated Sand Effects on Deficit Irrigated Bermudagrass Turf

Soil Salinity of an Urban Park after Long‐Term Irrigation with Saline Ground Water

Comparison of four warm‐season turfgrass species to natural rainfall or supplemental irrigation in a semiarid climate

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