Planosol CO2 Respiration, Chemical and Physical Properties of Differently Tilled Faba Bean Cultivation

Abstract

Soil tillage intensity influences the chemical composition of soil, the distribution of nutrients, and soil physical and mechanical properties, as well as gas flows. The impact of reduced tillage on these indices in faba bean cultivation is still insufficient and requires more analysis on a global scale. This study was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2016–2018. The aim of the investigation was to establish the influence of the tillage systems on the soil chemical composition, temperature, moisture content, and CO2 respiration in faba bean cultivation limited by the semi-humid subarctic climate. On the basis of a long-term tillage experiment, five tillage systems were tested: deep and shallow moldboard plowing, deep cultivation-chiseling, shallow cultivation-disking, and no-tillage. Results showed that in conditions of plowless tillage systems, the content of precrops’ residues on the topsoil before the spring tillage was 5 to 15 times higher than in plowed plots. It undoubtedly was for the amount of available nutrients in the soil, soil temperature, and moisture content. Plowless and no-tillage systems could initiate an increase in the amount of available nutrients in soil. The highest concentration of chemical elements was found in no-tilled plots. So faba bean crops could largely increase the composition of potassium and total nitrogen and stabilized CO2 respiration from soil during one vegetative period.

Impact of Tillage Intensity on the Development of Faba Bean Cultivation

“…In autumn, after the harvesting of pre-crop (winter wheat), the soil of an experiment was differently tilled: deeply and shallowly ploughed with mouldboard plough, chiselled, disked and not tilled (Table 1). Faba bean was cultivated according to the conventional technology, which well described by Kimbirauskiene et al [9]. Faba bean was sown at the end of April or beginning of May (Table 2).…”

“…The list of negative consequences related to the use of intensive farming technologies is growing [5]. Soil tillage intensity influences on the soil chemical, physical and mechanical properties, gas flows, as well as development of faba bean cultivation, production and quality [6][7][8][9]. Conservation tillage makes an appropriate soil environment for growing of crop mainly through the reduction in the intensity of tillage and retention of plant residues [10].…”

Impact of Tillage Intensity on the Development of Faba Bean Cultivation

“…In autumn, the soils were tilled differently: deeply and shallowly ploughed with a mouldboard plough; chiselled; disked, and not tilled (Table 1). Faba beans were cultivated using the conventional technology, which has been described in detail by Kimbirauskien ė et al [9]. Faba bean seeds were sown at the end of April or beginning of May (Table 2).…”

“…The list of negative consequences related to the use of intensive farming technologies is growing [5]. Soil tillage intensity influences the soil's chemical, physical and mechanical properties, gas flows, and the development of faba bean cultivation, production and quality [6][7][8][9]. Conservation tillage helps produce an appropriate soil environment for growing crops, mainly through reducing the intensity of tillage and the retention of plant residues [10].…”