Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Microfacies Analysis, Sequence Stratigraphy, and Sea-Level Changes Across the Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary In the Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

Abstract

The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary in the Haymana Basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey, was delineated using planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, microfacies analysis, and sequence stratigraphy. An , 29 m outcrop consisting of limestone and marl was measured, and four planktonic foraminiferal biozones were identified spanning the boundary. Planktonic foraminiferal extinction across the K/Pg boundary was catastrophic and abrupt. The extinction level is overlain by a unit (Zone P0) showing an increase in echinoid fecal pellets and authigenic clay minerals such as glauconite, suggesting low sedimentation rates in the early Danian. Ten microfacies types were identified indicating inner-ramp to basinal paleoenvironments based on the sedimentological characteristics and microfossil and macrofossil assemblages. Maastrichtian carbonates contain large benthic foraminifera, calcareous red algae, bryozoans, fragments of echinoderms and mollusks, and planktonic foraminifera. Overlying Maastrichtian-Danian silty marls and silty limestones have common planktonic and benthic foraminifera. Progradation of carbonates into the basin took place during the highstand systems tract, and deposition of a silty marl succession occurred during the transgressive systems tract. The K/Pg boundary is in the upper part of the transgressive systems tract, below a maximum flooding surface. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of a second section, Campo Pit, New Jersey, USA, showed that the K/Pg boundary occurs within a transgressive systems tract in New Jersey as well, suggesting a global sea-level rise across the K/Pg boundary.

Post‐impact event bed (tsunamite) at the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary deposited on a distal carbonate platform interior

“…The presence of some brackish taxa (Characean algae) suggests at least occasional influence of fresh water, while rare planktonic foraminifera (Figure a) and pithonellid calcispheres in interval 3 indicate an influence from the open sea within what is interpreted as a semi‐enclosed lagoon on top of a tide‐dominated ACP interior. This association is unusual but in accordance with the most recent data on eustatic sea‐level rise during the latest Maastrichtian (Esmeray‐Senlet et al., ), related to the increased SST that is recorded even at high latitudes (Witts et al., ).…”

“…Within distal sedimentary successions around the globe, the boundary is marked by a thin clay horizon containing elevated concentrations of platinum‐group elements (PGE), along with shocked mineral grains and spherules from the impact fallout (e.g., Alvarez, Asaro, & Montanari, ; Bohor & Izett, ; Glass & Simonson, ; Montanari & Koeberl, ; Smit, ). While deep‐water successions have been extensively studied (Claeys, Kiessling, & Alvarez, ; Esmeray‐Senlet, Özkan‐Altiner, Altiner, & Miller, ; Klaus, Norris, Kroon, & Smit, ; MacLeod, Whitney, Huber, & Koeberl, ; Smit, ), including ichnofossils and discontinuities at the boundary (e.g., Alegret, Rodríguez‐Tovar, & Uchman, ; Rodríguez‐Tovar & Uchman, ), comparatively less is known about shallow‐water perturbations in distal regions (Steuber & Schlüter, ). Although carbonate platform successions in the peri‐Adriatic region (Figure ) commonly exhibit a hiatus that includes the K–Pg transition (Bosellini, Morsilli, & Neri, ; Eberli, Bernoulli, Sanders, & Vecsei, ; Korbar, ; Vlahović, Tišljar, Velić, & Matičec, ), the boundary interval has recently been documented on the island of Hvar in Croatia (Korbar et al., ).…”

Evidence for reduced export productivity following the Cretaceous/Paleogene mass extinction

“…Therefore, we used 1:750 in this study (Figures 2 and S2) and also provided reconstructions for 1:500 and 1:1000 ( Figures S3 and S4). The minimum water depths and thus the paleodepth projections are anchored by the Perrineville, Campo Pit outcrop deposited in a lower shoreface paleoenvironment below storm wave base with paleodepths of 25 ± 5 m [Esmeray-Senlet et al, 2015]. There is uncertainty of ±5 m in the relative placement of the coreholes; given the different end-member gradients.…”

Sedimentation Dynamics of the Lower Part of Sentolo Formation at Niten Stream Traverse, Girimulyo, West Progo

“…That classification of limestone also explained prelimininary facies based on visual inspection and sedimentological and mineralogical analyses [9]. Microfacies analysis can be examined by mineralogical component, macrofossil, and microfossil assemblage, and texture of the samples observed inthin section [10].…”