Placebo-induced immunosuppression in humans: Role of learning and expectation

Wendt, Laura; Albring, Antje; Ober, Kirstin; Engler, Harald; Freundlieb, Christa; Witzke, Oliver; Kribben, Andreas; Schedlowski, Manfred

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2013.01.053

Cited by 2 publications

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“…178). In a minority of cases, placebo effects may be insensitive to beliefs: for example, in conditioned immunosuppression 185 and some forms of pharmacological conditioning 65,186 . However, even in these cases, verbal suggestions may support conditioning during learning; thus, having the right belief may still support the formation of placebo effects in these systems.…”

Section: New Frontiers In Placebo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health

2015

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Placebo effects are beneficial effects that are attributable to the brain–mind responses to the context in which a treatment is delivered rather than to the specific actions of the drug. They are mediated by diverse processes — including learning, expectations and social cognition — and can influence various clinical and physiological outcomes related to health. Emerging neuroscience evidence implicates multiple brain systems and neurochemical mediators, including opioids and dopamine. We present an empirical review of the brain systems that are involved in placebo effects, focusing on placebo analgesia, and a conceptual framework linking these findings to the mind–brain processes that mediate them. This framework suggests that the neuropsychological processes that mediate placebo effects may be crucial for a wide array of therapeutic approaches, including many drugs.

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Section: New Frontiers In Placebo Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health

2015

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“…Placebo effects are readily obtainable in rodents (Guo et al 2011, Herrnstein 1962, Woods & Ramsay 2000 and humans by pharmacological conditioning, which involves repeated pairing of drugs with drug cues, usually over several days, and then testing by delivering the cues alone. Such procedures can produce effects on hormonal and immune responses (Goebel et al 2002, Schedlowski & Pacheco-Lopez 2010, which after conditioning appear to be insensitive to verbal instructions about the treatment and, thus, presumably to patients' beliefs (Benedetti et al 2003b, Wendt et al 2013. Similarly, placebo analgesic responses become stronger and more durable with longer conditioning (Carlino et al 2014, Colloca et al 2010, Colloca et al 2008a.…”

Section: Appraisal and Precognitive Association: Separable But Interamentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect: An Affective Appraisal Account

Ashar

Chang

Wager

2017

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

151

126

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Placebos are sham medical treatments. Nonetheless, they can have substantial effects on clinical outcomes. Placebos depend on a person's psychological and brain responses to the treatment context, which influence appraisals of future well-being. Appraisals are flexible cognitive evaluations of the personal meaning of events and situations that can directly impact symptoms and physiology. They also shape associative learning processes by guiding what is learned from experience. Appraisals are supported by a core network of brain regions associated with the default mode network involved in self-generated emotion, self-evaluation, thinking about the future, social cognition, and valuation of rewards and punishment. Placebo treatments for acute pain and a range of clinical conditions engage this same network of regions, suggesting that placebos affect behavior and physiology by changing how a person evaluates their future well-being and the personal significance of their symptoms.

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Placebo-induced immunosuppression in humans: Role of learning and expectation

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health

The neuroscience of placebo effects: connecting context, learning and health

Brain Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect: An Affective Appraisal Account

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