Pinopsin evolved as the ancestral dim-light visual opsin in vertebrates

Sato, Keita; Yamashita, Takahiro; Kojima, Keiichi; Sakai, Kazumi; Matsutani, Yuki; Yanagawa, Masataka; Yamano, Yumiko; Wada, Akimori; Iwabe, Naoyuki; Ohuchi, Hideyo; Shichida, Yoshinori

doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0164-x

Cited by 27 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Consistent with this idea, there has been a very recent report [72] that pinopsin evolved as the ancestral dim-light visual opsin, with a lower rate of thermal activation than cone opsins. Accordingly, it would seem likely that the ancestral low-light photoreceptor that we proposed above would have expressed pinopsin as its visual pigment.…”

Section: The Origin Of Specialization For Operation At High and Low Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Evolution of the calcium feedback steps of vertebrate phototransduction

Lamb

Hunt

2018

Open Biol.

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We examined the genes encoding the proteins that mediate the Ca-feedback regulatory system in vertebrate rod and cone phototransduction. These proteins comprise four families: recoverin/visinin, the guanylyl cyclase activating proteins (GCAPs), the guanylyl cyclases (GCs) and the sodium/calcium-potassium exchangers (NCKXs). We identified a paralogon containing at least 36 phototransduction genes from at least fourteen families, including all four of the families involved in the Ca-feedback loop (recoverin/visinin, GCAPs, GCs and NCKXs). By combining analyses of gene synteny with analyses of the molecular phylogeny for each of these four families of genes for Ca-feedback regulation, we have established the likely pattern of gene duplications and losses underlying the expansion of isoforms, both before and during the two rounds of whole-genome duplication (2R WGD) that occurred in early vertebrate evolution. Furthermore, by combining our results with earlier evidence on the timing of duplication of the visual G-protein receptor kinase genes, we propose that specialization of proto-vertebrate photoreceptor cells for operation at high and low light intensities preceded the emergence of rhodopsin, which occurred during 2R WGD.

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Section: The Origin Of Specialization For Operation At High and Low Intensitiesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Evolution of the calcium feedback steps of vertebrate phototransduction

Lamb

Hunt

2018

Open Biol.

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“…S4). This suggests the possibility that the common ancestor of the gnathostomes had already acquired the pinopsin gene for pineal photoreception and that the gene was lost from the teleost lineage 19 . Moreover, pinopsin shares common molecular properties with rhodopsin, that is, pinopsin photo-converts to meta II, whose λ max lies in the UV region, to couple with Gt 30 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The full-length ORF sequences of spotted gar Rh1-1 (Exorh) (XM_006630940), Rh1-2 (XM_006630625) and pinopsin (XM_015367820) and the partial ORF sequence of coral catshark pinopsin (LC328553) were isolated by PCR from the 1st strand cDNA from eyes as shown in our previous study 19 . The full-length cDNA of Siberian sturgeon pinopsin (LC365918) and the partial ORF sequence of gray bichir pinopsin (LC328554) were isolated by PCR from the 1st strand cDNA from brain.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary history of teleost intron-containing and intron-less rhodopsin genes

Fujiyabu

Sato

Utari

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Recent progress in whole genome sequencing has revealed that animals have various kinds of opsin genes for photoreception. Among them, most opsin genes have introns in their coding regions. However, it has been known for a long time that teleost retinas express intron-less rhodopsin genes, which are presumed to have been formed by retroduplication from an ancestral intron-containing rhodopsin gene. In addition, teleosts have an intron-containing rhodopsin gene (exo-rhodopsin) exclusively for pineal photoreception. In this study, to unravel the evolutionary origin of the two teleost rhodopsin genes, we analyzed the rhodopsin genes of non-teleost fishes in the Actinopterygii. The phylogenetic analysis of full-length sequences of bichir, sturgeon and gar rhodopsins revealed that retroduplication of the rhodopsin gene occurred after branching of the bichir lineage. In addition, analysis of the tissue distribution and the molecular properties of bichir, sturgeon and gar rhodopsins showed that the abundant and exclusive expression of intron-containing rhodopsin in the pineal gland and the short lifetime of its meta II intermediate, which leads to optimization for pineal photoreception, were achieved after branching of the gar lineage. Based on these results, we propose a stepwise evolutionary model of teleost intron-containing and intron-less rhodopsin genes.

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“…It should also be stressed that the pineal organ of 4-week-old turkeys comprises extremely well-developed rudimentary photoreceptor pinealocytes with the apical protrusions containing pinopsin [ 33 ]. Moreover, recent studies suggested that pinopsin is responsible for highly sensitive light reception in the retinas of lower vertebrates, which points to its ability to detect low-intensity light [ 43 ]. Regarding the second option, the retinal photoreceptor cells are good candidates because they are color selective and highly light sensitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Melatonin Synthesis-Related Indoles in the Turkey Pineal Organ and Its Modification by Monochromatic Light

Martyniuk

Hanuszewska

Lewczuk

2020

IJMS

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The metabolism of pineal indoles is closely related to alterations in the light and dark phases of a daily cycle. Recent research showed important interspecies differences in the pineal biochemistry, and a strong impact of monochromatic light on many physiological processes in birds. Therefore, the aims of study were to characterize the metabolism of melatonin-synthesis indoles in the pineal organ of the domestic turkey, and to determine the changes occurring in this metabolism under the influence of different wavelengths and intensities of light. For this purpose, 3-week-old turkeys were kept under 16 lx white light, or under blue, green, and red light with intensities of 16, 32, and 64 lx during the photophase, and after 7 d were sacrificed at 4 h intervals. The activities of melatonin-synthesizing enzymes and the contents of indoles were measured in the same pineal organ. The results revealed that the activities of tryptophan hydroxylase and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, and the levels of all tryptophan derivatives had significant daily changes in birds kept under each light condition used. The profile of pineal indole metabolism in 4-week-old turkeys was characterized by high-amplitude rhythms in the activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase and the contents of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin, equal relative amounts of serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and higher content of melatonin than N-acetylserotonin. The monochromatic light significantly modified the pineal indole metabolism, and its effects were dependent on the color and intensity of light. Pronounced changes occurred in the level of serotonin synthesis and the daily rhythm course of melatonin synthesis.

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Pinopsin evolved as the ancestral dim-light visual opsin in vertebrates

Cited by 27 publications

References 58 publications

Evolution of the calcium feedback steps of vertebrate phototransduction

Evolution of the calcium feedback steps of vertebrate phototransduction

Evolutionary history of teleost intron-containing and intron-less rhodopsin genes

Metabolism of Melatonin Synthesis-Related Indoles in the Turkey Pineal Organ and Its Modification by Monochromatic Light

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