Pigmented Episcleral Mass From Argyrosis Following Strabismus Surgery

Unilateral Conjunctival-Corneal Argyrosis Simulating Conjunctival Melanoma

“…Both features are rare in choroidal melanoma. 7,9 The cellular pattern in this case was that of a highly differentiated adenoid tumor. Invasive growth was the criterion for malignancy.…”

“…Tso and Albert 10 as well as Shields et al 9 found that neoplastic RPE proliferations usually develop in otherwise normal eyes. However, in a large proportion of the recently published cases, an RPE carcinoma arose from a juxtapapillary histoplasmosis scar, 7 from a congenital hypertrophy of the RPE, 8 in an eye with phthisis, 1,4 or in our case from a chorioretinal scar following a subfoveal neovascular membrane.…”

Unilateral Conjunctival-Corneal Argyrosis Simulating Conjunctival Melanoma

“…Both features are rare in choroidal melanoma. 7,9 The cellular pattern in this case was that of a highly differentiated adenoid tumor. Invasive growth was the criterion for malignancy.…”

“…Tso and Albert 10 as well as Shields et al 9 found that neoplastic RPE proliferations usually develop in otherwise normal eyes. However, in a large proportion of the recently published cases, an RPE carcinoma arose from a juxtapapillary histoplasmosis scar, 7 from a congenital hypertrophy of the RPE, 8 in an eye with phthisis, 1,4 or in our case from a chorioretinal scar following a subfoveal neovascular membrane.…”

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

“…A surgery wound was applied silver sulfadiazine and localized argyria was observed (Fisher et al, 2003). Ocular instillation of silver nitrate instillation caused argyria in the eye (Bartley, 1991), and the use of silver-containing eye drops for many years resulted in argyria of the lacrimal sac (Loeffler and Lee, 1987).…”

Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria

“…In the posterior segment of the eye, silver accumulation is speculated about, following reports of retinal pigment epithelium changes, drusenoid deposits, and dark choroids in fluorescein angiogram, but a necessary causal relationship was not yet clearly established [111,[156][157][158]. Following local contact, silver episcleral and periocular inoculation, such as in the eyelids, can also be present [23,86,[159][160][161]]. Silver's histopathological pattern of deposition will also be similar whether there's local implantation or systemic absorption, behaving as seen elsewhere in the body: settling in epithelial basement membranes and subepithelial connective tissue, predominantly extracellularly, and undergoing redox reactions that aggravate the pigmentation and stabilize the silver compounds [102,112].…”

“…Gastrointestinal conditions (ingestion of silver-containing colloids/pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [135,[166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] Leukoplakia patch (topical application of silver nitrate) Iatrogenic, topical [175] Epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric conditions (ingestion of silver-containing pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [40,131,176,177] Alopecia (ingestion of silver-containing colloids) Iatrogenic, systemic [52] Prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (application of silver nitrate collyrium) Iatrogenic, topical [46,105,178] Syphilis (topical application of silver arsphenamine) Iatrogenic, topical [126,131] Wounds/ulcers/burns (topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream for asepsis, silver nitrate for chemical cautery/hemostasis, and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical and/or systemic (if bloodstream is reached) [70,84,85,105,128,141,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187] Strabismus surgery (application of silver nitrate collyrium and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical [160,161,188] Trachoma (topical application of silver nitrate for chemical cautery) Iatrogenic, topical…”

Unilateral Conjunctival-Corneal Argyrosis Simulating Conjunctival Melanoma

“…Both features are rare in choroidal melanoma. 7,9 The cellular pattern in this case was that of a highly differentiated adenoid tumor. Invasive growth was the criterion for malignancy.…”

“…Tso and Albert 10 as well as Shields et al 9 found that neoplastic RPE proliferations usually develop in otherwise normal eyes. However, in a large proportion of the recently published cases, an RPE carcinoma arose from a juxtapapillary histoplasmosis scar, 7 from a congenital hypertrophy of the RPE, 8 in an eye with phthisis, 1,4 or in our case from a chorioretinal scar following a subfoveal neovascular membrane.…”

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

“…A surgery wound was applied silver sulfadiazine and localized argyria was observed (Fisher et al, 2003). Ocular instillation of silver nitrate instillation caused argyria in the eye (Bartley, 1991), and the use of silver-containing eye drops for many years resulted in argyria of the lacrimal sac (Loeffler and Lee, 1987).…”

Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria

“…In the posterior segment of the eye, silver accumulation is speculated about, following reports of retinal pigment epithelium changes, drusenoid deposits, and dark choroids in fluorescein angiogram, but a necessary causal relationship was not yet clearly established [111,[156][157][158]. Following local contact, silver episcleral and periocular inoculation, such as in the eyelids, can also be present [23,86,[159][160][161]]. Silver's histopathological pattern of deposition will also be similar whether there's local implantation or systemic absorption, behaving as seen elsewhere in the body: settling in epithelial basement membranes and subepithelial connective tissue, predominantly extracellularly, and undergoing redox reactions that aggravate the pigmentation and stabilize the silver compounds [102,112].…”

“…Gastrointestinal conditions (ingestion of silver-containing colloids/pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [135,[166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] Leukoplakia patch (topical application of silver nitrate) Iatrogenic, topical [175] Epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric conditions (ingestion of silver-containing pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [40,131,176,177] Alopecia (ingestion of silver-containing colloids) Iatrogenic, systemic [52] Prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (application of silver nitrate collyrium) Iatrogenic, topical [46,105,178] Syphilis (topical application of silver arsphenamine) Iatrogenic, topical [126,131] Wounds/ulcers/burns (topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream for asepsis, silver nitrate for chemical cautery/hemostasis, and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical and/or systemic (if bloodstream is reached) [70,84,85,105,128,141,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187] Strabismus surgery (application of silver nitrate collyrium and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical [160,161,188] Trachoma (topical application of silver nitrate for chemical cautery) Iatrogenic, topical…”

Unilateral Conjunctival-Corneal Argyrosis Simulating Conjunctival Melanoma

“…Both features are rare in choroidal melanoma. 7,9 The cellular pattern in this case was that of a highly differentiated adenoid tumor. Invasive growth was the criterion for malignancy.…”

“…Tso and Albert 10 as well as Shields et al 9 found that neoplastic RPE proliferations usually develop in otherwise normal eyes. However, in a large proportion of the recently published cases, an RPE carcinoma arose from a juxtapapillary histoplasmosis scar, 7 from a congenital hypertrophy of the RPE, 8 in an eye with phthisis, 1,4 or in our case from a chorioretinal scar following a subfoveal neovascular membrane.…”

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

“…A surgery wound was applied silver sulfadiazine and localized argyria was observed (Fisher et al, 2003). Ocular instillation of silver nitrate instillation caused argyria in the eye (Bartley, 1991), and the use of silver-containing eye drops for many years resulted in argyria of the lacrimal sac (Loeffler and Lee, 1987).…”

Clinical and Forensic Aspects of the Different Subtypes of Argyria

“…In the posterior segment of the eye, silver accumulation is speculated about, following reports of retinal pigment epithelium changes, drusenoid deposits, and dark choroids in fluorescein angiogram, but a necessary causal relationship was not yet clearly established [111,[156][157][158]. Following local contact, silver episcleral and periocular inoculation, such as in the eyelids, can also be present [23,86,[159][160][161]]. Silver's histopathological pattern of deposition will also be similar whether there's local implantation or systemic absorption, behaving as seen elsewhere in the body: settling in epithelial basement membranes and subepithelial connective tissue, predominantly extracellularly, and undergoing redox reactions that aggravate the pigmentation and stabilize the silver compounds [102,112].…”

“…Gastrointestinal conditions (ingestion of silver-containing colloids/pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [135,[166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] Leukoplakia patch (topical application of silver nitrate) Iatrogenic, topical [175] Epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric conditions (ingestion of silver-containing pills) Iatrogenic, systemic [40,131,176,177] Alopecia (ingestion of silver-containing colloids) Iatrogenic, systemic [52] Prophylaxis of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum (application of silver nitrate collyrium) Iatrogenic, topical [46,105,178] Syphilis (topical application of silver arsphenamine) Iatrogenic, topical [126,131] Wounds/ulcers/burns (topical application of silver sulfadiazine cream for asepsis, silver nitrate for chemical cautery/hemostasis, and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical and/or systemic (if bloodstream is reached) [70,84,85,105,128,141,[179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187] Strabismus surgery (application of silver nitrate collyrium and/or use of silver-impregnated suture threads/surgical clips) Iatrogenic, topical [160,161,188] Trachoma (topical application of silver nitrate for chemical cautery) Iatrogenic, topical…”