Piezoelectric behavior of three-dimensionally printed acrylate polymer without filler or poling

Chakraborty, Patatri; Zhou, Chi; Chung, D.D.L.

doi:10.1007/s10853-018-2006-0

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Different piezoelectric nanoparticle-polymer composite materials with the ability of conversion compressive/tensile stresses to an electric charge, or vice versa, have also been used in 3D printing to the creation of a wide variety of smart structures [171][172][173][174][175][176].…”

Section: Other Stimuli-responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Dimensional (Bio-)printing: A Review on Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms and Their Biomedical Suitability

et al. 2020

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The applications of tissue engineered constructs have witnessed great advances in the last few years, as advanced fabrication techniques have enabled promising approaches to develop structures and devices for biomedical uses. (Bio-)printing, including both plain material and cell/material printing, offers remarkable advantages and versatility to produce multilateral and cell-laden tissue constructs; however, it has often revealed to be insufficient to fulfill clinical needs. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) (bio-)printing does not provide one critical element, fundamental to mimic native live tissues, i.e., the ability to change shape/properties with time to respond to microenvironmental stimuli in a personalized manner. This capability is in charge of the so-called “smart materials”; thus, 3D (bio-)printing these biomaterials is a possible way to reach four-dimensional (4D) (bio-)printing. We present a comprehensive review on stimuli-responsive materials to produce scaffolds and constructs via additive manufacturing techniques, aiming to obtain constructs that closely mimic the dynamics of native tissues. Our work deploys the advantages and drawbacks of the mechanisms used to produce stimuli-responsive constructs, using a classification based on the target stimulus: humidity, temperature, electricity, magnetism, light, pH, among others. A deep understanding of biomaterial properties, the scaffolding technologies, and the implant site microenvironment would help the design of innovative devices suitable and valuable for many biomedical applications.

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Section: Other Stimuli-responsive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-Dimensional (Bio-)printing: A Review on Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms and Their Biomedical Suitability

et al. 2020

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“…On the other hand, apart from the material itself, structural design featuring appealing flexibility has also been recognized as another roadmap to improvement of the piezoelectric conversion efficiency. [ 25 ] For example, micro‐patterns such as pyramid, [ 26 ] pillar, [ 27 ] and shell [ 28 ] arrays on thin films succeeded enhancing the mechanical‐to‐electrical output voltage by around five times. So far, however, most the above‐mentioned approaches are based on 2D piezoelectric thin films whose effective out‐of‐plane stress–strain response is rather finite, resulting in unsatisfactory piezoelectric sensitivity under a broad pressure range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printed Piezoelectric‐Regulable Cells with Customized Electromechanical Response Distribution for Intelligent Sensing

Liu

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

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Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) have attracted great attention owing to the capability of converting various forms of mechanical energy into electricity. Traditional approaches for improving piezoelectric conversion efficiency usually involve either complicated composite preparation or significant compromise in the device's mechanical strength and measure, which obviously cannot fulfill the stringent requirements for power supplies within miniaturized footprint and on mechanical compliance of modern electronics. Herein, an innovative strategy coupling 3D printing with a rational structural design is proposed to address the substantial difficulty to architect 3D PEHs featuring boosting piezoelectric performance without alteration either in material (high β-phase content (97.4%) self-poled poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) used in this case) or in device measure. The 3D-printed piezoelectric latticed cells tailoring in density distribution geometries not only demonstrate the appealing advantages of fast response time, high sensitivity, and excellent linearity within a wide pressure range outperforming many 2D film sensors, but are more sensitive to structure variation for easier regulation of piezoelectric output saving the hassle of changing material, which is beyond the practicability to the traditional 2D sensors. 3D printing highlights a powerful tool in modeling and manipulating complex 3D piezoelectric-regulable energy harvesters for intelligent sensing applications otherwise inaccessible to traditional techniques.

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“…Capacitance measurement has been previously reported for sensing voids in a 3D-printed metal structure that is simulated in the laboratory [5] and for sensing the stress in a 3D-printed polymer structure [6]. In addition, capacitance measurement has been used for characterization of the structure [7][8][9] and piezoelectric behavior [10] of 3D-printed polymers capacitance measurement has also been previously reported for sensing the voids and stress in monolithic steel [11,12] and cement paste [13,14], which are both not obtained by 3D-printing. Capacitance measurement has not been previously reported for sensing interlayer defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented sensing of interlayer defects in three-dimensionally printed polymer by capacitance measurement

Chakraborty

Zhao

Zhou

et al. 2018

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Interlayer defects in a three-dimensionally (3D) printed structure are expected from the residual stress and commonly observed warpage, but their detection has been challenging and elusive. They are to be distinguished from intralayer defects (e.g., discernible voids), which can be quite easily detected. Interlayer defects in the form of local inadequate interlayer bonding in a 3D-printed polymer structure have been unprecedentedly shown in this work to be detectible by capacitance measurement. The interlayer defects are artificially obtained and judiciously positioned. The printing involves conventional stereolithography, using an acrylate resin. Two coplanar electrical contacts are positioned on the exterior surface of the structure. The capacitance decreases monotonically with increasing number of defects at a given layer, and with decreasing N, where N is the number of layers above the defect, thus providing an effective indicator of the presence and location defects. However, the capacitance can be the same for different numbers of defects if N is different. This issue may be circumvented in future work by having additional electrical contacts at various layers. The maximum value of N that allows capacitance-based defect detection exceeds 210. The fractional decrease in capacitance due to the defects (relative to the case of no defect) increases monotonically with increasing number of defects at a given layer, but it essentially does not vary with N. Thus, the fractional decrease in capacitance indicates the presence of defects, but is not an effective indicator of the defect location. The capacitance increases with N, due to the larger depth of penetration of the current when N is higher. The greater is the number of defects at a layer, the more is the reduction in the depth of current penetration by these defects. The technique of this work may be extended to the detection of the 3D positions of defects by capacitance tomography.

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Piezoelectric behavior of three-dimensionally printed acrylate polymer without filler or poling

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Four-Dimensional (Bio-)printing: A Review on Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms and Their Biomedical Suitability

Four-Dimensional (Bio-)printing: A Review on Stimuli-Responsive Mechanisms and Their Biomedical Suitability

3D Printed Piezoelectric‐Regulable Cells with Customized Electromechanical Response Distribution for Intelligent Sensing

Unprecedented sensing of interlayer defects in three-dimensionally printed polymer by capacitance measurement

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