Picoliter Water Contact Angle Measurement on Polymers

Taylor, Michael D.; Urquhart, Andrew J.; Zelzer, Mischa; Davies, Martyn C.; Alexander, Morgan R.

doi:10.1021/la070100j

Cited by 108 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…High-resolution core levels were acquired at a pass energy of 20 eV. WCA was measured using the sessile drop method on an automated Krüss DSA 100 instrument 44 . A water drop with a volume of 400 picoliter was used.…”

Section: High-throughput Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment

et al. 2012

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Bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation pose key challenges to the optimal performance of medical devices. In this study, we determined the attachment of selected bacterial species to hundreds of polymeric materials in a high-throughput microarray format. Using this method, we identified a group of structurally related materials comprising ester and cyclic hydrocarbon moieties that substantially reduced the attachment of pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). Coating silicone with these 'hit' materials achieved up to a 30-fold (96.7%) reduction in the surface area covered by bacteria compared with a commercial silver hydrogel coating in vitro, and the same material coatings were effective at reducing bacterial attachment in vivo in a mouse implant infection model. These polymers represent a class of materials that reduce the attachment of bacteria that could not have been predicted to have this property from the current understanding of bacteriasurface interactions.

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Section: High-throughput Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment

et al. 2012

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“…The dynamics of the evaporation of droplets can play a determining factor on the morphology of arrayed spots [59] and can result in the uneven distribution of deposited molecules, the common example being the 'coffee rim effect' due to the solute diffusion towards the pinned rim of the spots [60]. This can be controlled, to some extent, by selecting an appropriate solvent volatility and by controlling environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature.…”

Section: Microarray Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water contact measurements of libraries of polymers have been achieved by producing large scale polymer films, however, such an approach presents significant time restraints when trying to analyse polymer libraries comprising hundreds of constituents. To overcome these limitations, the use of picolitre sized water droplets has recently been reported, and offers an approach to sample the wettability of polymer spots in an array format in a high throughput manner [59].…”

Section: Polymer Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput methods applied in biomaterial development and discovery

et al. 2010

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The high throughput discovery of new materials can be achieved by rapidly screening many different materials synthesised by a combinatorial approach to identify the optimal material that fulfils a particular biomedical application. Here we review the literature in this area and conclude that for polymers, this process is best achieved in a microarray format, which enable thousands of cell-material interactions to be monitored on a single chip. Polymer microarrays can be formed by printing pre-synthesised polymers or by printing monomers onto the chip where on-slide polymerisation is initiated.The surface properties of the material can be analysed and correlated to the biological performance using high throughput surface analysis, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. This approach enables the surface properties responsible for the success of a material to be understood, which in turn provides the foundations of future material design. The high throughput discovery of materials using polymer microarrays has been explored for many cell-based applications including the isolation of specific 2 cells from heterogeneous populations, the attachment and differentiation of stem cells and the controlled transfection of cells.Further development of polymerisation techniques and high throughput biological assays amenable to the polymer microarray format will broaden the combinatorial space and biological phenomenon that polymer microarrays can explore, and increase their efficacy. This will, in turn, result in the discovery of optimised polymeric materials for many biomaterial applications.

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“…2. An X-Y stage allows for the automated positioning of each polymer spot under the print head 7 . This is achieved using a camera located above the sample that provides a top view of the array.…”

Section: High Throughput Surface Characterization (Htsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

Hook

Chang

Yang

et al. 2012

JoVE

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The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a combinatorial library of materials to be screened in a parallel, high throughput format 1 . Herein is described the formation and characterization of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique 2 . This involves mixing monomers at varied ratios to produce a library of monomer solutions, transferring the solution to a glass slide format using a robotic printing device and curing with UV irradiation. This format is readily amenable to many biological assays, including stem cell attachment and proliferation, cell sorting and low bacterial adhesion, allowing the ready identification of 'hit' materials that fulfill a specific biological criterion [3][4][5] . Furthermore, the use of high throughput surface characterization (HTSC) allows the biological performance to be correlated with physio-chemical properties, hence elucidating the biological-material interaction 6 . HTSC makes use of water contact angle (WCA) measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In particular, ToF-SIMS provides a chemically rich analysis of the sample that can be used to correlate the cell response with a molecular moiety. In some cases, the biological performance can be predicted from the ToF-SIMS spectra, demonstrating the chemical dependence of a biological-material interaction, and informing the development of hit materials 5,3 . Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/3636/ Protocol 1. Preparation of low-fouling background 1. Weigh out 2 g of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) (Sigma -cell culture tested) into a 50 mL centrifuge tube. Dissolve in 50 mL of 95% (v/v) ethanol in water. This typically takes 24 hrs of sonication. 2. Dip-coat epoxy-functional glass slide (Genetix) with the pHEMA solution. The epoxy groups will rapidly form covalent linkages with the pHEMA coating. Dip-coating is achieved by holding the glass slide with tweezers and dipping the slide into the solution. Typically 5 mm of the slide is left uncoated, which is useful for orientating the slide and can also act as a positive control as an adhering surface. The slide is then withdrawn from the pHEMA solution over a period of 1 s, inverted and left to dry in a near horizontal position for 10 min before placing in a slide holder. 3. The pHEMA coated slides are then left at atmospheric conditions for 1 week to allow the complete evaporation of the solvent. Preparation of monomer solution1. Weigh 120 mg of the photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone and add to 3 mL of dimethylformamide (DMF) to make a 4% (w/v) photoinitiator solution. This is best done fresh before each print run, so the mass and volume of the solution made can be varied to suit how much photoinitiator solution is required. The solution is stable up to a...

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Picoliter Water Contact Angle Measurement on Polymers

Cited by 108 publications

References 18 publications

Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment

Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment

High throughput methods applied in biomaterial development and discovery

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

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