Phytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to rice seedlings

Abstract

The physiological responses of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) exposure were investigated in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. XZX 45) seedlings. The seedlings were hydroponically exposed to different concentrations of DMSO for 72 h. Results showed that a linear decrease in relative growth rate and water use efficiency was observed with rice seedlings with increasing DMSO concentrations. The estimation of cell death measured by Evans blue uptake also indicated DMSO-induced damage in root tissues. Negligible decrease in chlorophylls was noted, while significant reduction in carotenoids content was only observed at 13.54 mM DMSO. Although DMSO did not have any significant effect on protein content in roots, the protein content in shoots was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Proline content in both plant tissues was positively affected by DMSO exposure, responding an inverted U-shaped curve with DMSO concentrations. Results also showed that DMSO-induced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) was evident in roots rather than shoots. DMSO did not result in any significant changes in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities as well as malondialdehyde content. Catalase (CAT) activity in both roots and shoots was quite sensitive to changes in DMSO treatments than other enzymes, suggesting that CAT may play central role in the detoxification of H 2 O 2 in rice seedlings under DMSO exposure. Results suggest that growth inhibition and cell death of rice seedlings caused by DMSO exposure were largely related to the accumulation of H 2 O 2 in plant tissues.

Exploring microRNA Signatures of DNA Damage Response Using an Innovative System of Genotoxic Stress in Medicago truncatula Seedlings

“…The CPT and NSC120686 inhibitors require to be dissolved in DMSO, which, at certain concentrations, can impair plant development ( Zhang et al, 2016 ). Thus, it was necessary to first identify the inhibitor concentrations at which minimal or null DMSO effects are evident at a phenotypic level.…”

Visualization of the Nucleolus Using Ethynyl Uridine

“…Although DMSO is not required for efficient EU labeling, when the product E-10345 (diluted in DMSO) is used, seedlings are always exposed to 1% DMSO. Thus, when developmental studies or long EU incubation are performed, DMSO should be kept as low as 0.1% to avoid its potential side effects on the root growth ( Shibasaki et al, 2009 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ). In such cases, the use of CLK-N002-10 product (diluted in water) is recommended.…”

Spatial light-modulated stimulated Raman scattering (SLM-SRS) microscopy for rapid multiplexed vibrational imaging

“…In the tissue architecture, the cellulose seems swollen by the DMSO uptake (green image in Figure 8C). Further, cellular damages due to the toxicity of DMSO is noticeable at the protein channel (red) possibly due to an increased accumulation of H 2 O 2 22, thus reflecting acute toxic effect of DMSO even at a low concentration.…”